PMID- 26633406
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
DCOM- 20160322
LR  - 20181113
IS  - 1424-8220 (Electronic)
IS  - 1424-8220 (Linking)
VI  - 15
IP  - 12
DP  - 2015 Dec 1
TI  - Assessment of the Contribution of BeiDou GEO, IGSO, and MEO Satellites to PPP in 
      Asia-Pacific Region.
PG  - 29970-83
LID - 10.3390/s151229780 [doi]
AB  - In contrast to the US Global Positioning System (GPS), the Russian Global 
      Navigation Satellite System (GLONASS) and the European Galileo, the developing 
      Chinese BeiDou satellite navigation system (BDS) consists of not only Medium 
      Earth Orbit (MEO), but also Geostationary Orbit (GEO) as well as Inclined 
      Geosynchronous Orbit (IGSO) satellites. In this study, the Precise Point 
      Positioning (PPP) and PPP with Integer Ambiguity Resolution (IAR) are obtained. 
      The contributions of these three different types of BDS satellites to PPP in 
      Asia-Pacific region are assessed using data from selected 20 sites over more than 
      four weeks. By using various PPP cases with different satellite combinations, in 
      general, the largest contribution of BDS IGSO among the three kinds of BDS 
      satellites to the reduction of convergence time and the improvement of 
      positioning accuracy, particularly in the east direction, is identified. These 
      PPP cases include static BDS only solutions and static/kinematic ambiguity-float 
      and -fixed PPP with the combination of GPS and BDS. The statistical results 
      demonstrate that the inclusion of BDS GEO and MEO satellites can improve the 
      observation condition and result in better PPP performance as well. When combined 
      with GPS, the contribution of BDS to the reduction of convergence time is, 
      however, not as significant as that of GLONASS. As far as the positioning 
      accuracy is concerned, GLONASS improves the accuracy in vertical component more 
      than BDS does, whereas similar improvement in horizontal component can be 
      achieved by inclusion of BDS IGSO and MEO as GLONASS.
FAU - Zhao, Qile
AU  - Zhao Q
AD  - GNSS Research Center, Wuhan University, No. 129 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China. 
      zhaoql@whu.edu.cn.
FAU - Wang, Chen
AU  - Wang C
AD  - GNSS Research Center, Wuhan University, No. 129 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China. 
      chen.wang@whu.edu.cn.
FAU - Guo, Jing
AU  - Guo J
AD  - GNSS Research Center, Wuhan University, No. 129 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China. 
      jingguo@whu.edu.cn.
FAU - Liu, Xianglin
AU  - Liu X
AD  - Fugro Intersite B.V., Leidschendam 2263 HW, The Netherlands. 
      xianglin.liu@fugro.com.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20151201
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Sensors (Basel)
JT  - Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
JID - 101204366
PMC - PMC4721701
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - BDS
OT  - convergence time
OT  - integer ambiguity resolution
OT  - multi-GNSS
OT  - precise point positioning
EDAT- 2015/12/04 06:00
MHDA- 2015/12/04 06:01
PMCR- 2015/12/01
CRDT- 2015/12/04 06:00
PHST- 2015/10/20 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2015/11/20 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2015/11/25 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2015/12/04 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2015/12/04 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2015/12/04 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2015/12/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - s151229780 [pii]
AID - sensors-15-29780 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/s151229780 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Sensors (Basel). 2015 Dec 1;15(12):29970-83. doi: 10.3390/s151229780.