PMID- 26635031
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20180126
LR  - 20220330
IS  - 1468-3318 (Electronic)
IS  - 0964-4563 (Print)
IS  - 0964-4563 (Linking)
VI  - 25
IP  - 6
DP  - 2016 Nov
TI  - Thirdhand smoke contamination in hospital settings: assessing exposure risk for 
      vulnerable paediatric patients.
PG  - 619-623
LID - 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2015-052506 [doi]
AB  - BACKGROUND: Tobacco has regained the status of the world's number two killer 
      behind heart/vascular disease. Thirdhand smoke (THS) residue and particles from 
      secondhand smoke (SHS) are suspected health hazards (eg, DNA damage) that are 
      likely to contribute to morbidity and mortality, especially in vulnerable 
      children. THS is easily transported and deposited indoors, where it persists and 
      exposes individuals for months, creating potential health consequences in 
      seemingly nicotine-free environments, particularly for vulnerable patients. We 
      collected THS data to estimate infant exposure in the neonatal ICU (NICU) after 
      visits from household smokers. Infant exposure to nicotine, potentially from THS, 
      was assessed via assays of infant urine. METHODS: Participants were mothers who 
      smoked and had an infant in the NICU (N=5). Participants provided surface 
      nicotine samples from their fingers, infants' crib/incubator and 
      hospital-provided furniture. Infant urine was analysed for cotinine, cotinine's 
      major metabolite: trans-3'-hydroxycotinine (3HC) and 
      4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL), a metabolite of the 
      nicotine-derived and tobacco-specific carcinogen 
      4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK). RESULTS: Incubators/cribs 
      and other furniture had detectable surface nicotine. Detectable levels of 
      cotinine, 3HC and NNAL were found in the infants' urine. DISCUSSION: THS appears 
      to be ubiquitous, even in closely guarded healthcare settings. Future research 
      will address potential health consequences and THS-reduction policies. 
      Ultimately, hospital policies and interventions to reduce THS transport and 
      exposure may prove necessary, especially for immunocompromised children.
CI  - Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not 
      already granted under a licence) please go to 
      http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/.
FAU - Northrup, Thomas F
AU  - Northrup TF
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-3275-3168
AD  - Department of Family and Community Medicine, The University of Texas Health 
      Science Center at Houston (UTHealth) Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA.
FAU - Khan, Amir M
AU  - Khan AM
AD  - Department of Pediatrics, UTHealth Medical School; Medical Director Level III 
      NICU, Children's Memorial Hermann Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA.
FAU - Jacob, Peyton 3rd
AU  - Jacob P 3rd
AD  - Departments of Medicine and Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco; 
      Division of Clinical Pharmacology, San Francisco General Hospital Medical Center, 
      San Francisco, California, USA.
FAU - Benowitz, Neal L
AU  - Benowitz NL
AD  - Departments of Medicine and Bioengineering & Therapeutic Sciences, University of 
      California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
FAU - Hoh, Eunha
AU  - Hoh E
AD  - Division of Environmental Health, Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego 
      State University, San Diego, California, USA.
FAU - Hovell, Melbourne F
AU  - Hovell MF
AD  - Center for Behavioral Epidemiology and Community Health, Graduate School of 
      Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA.
FAU - Matt, Georg E
AU  - Matt GE
AD  - Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA.
FAU - Stotts, Angela L
AU  - Stotts AL
AD  - Department of Family and Community Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and 
      Behavioral Sciences, UTHealth Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA.
LA  - eng
GR  - P30 DA012393/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01 HL103684/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01 HL107404/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20151203
PL  - England
TA  - Tob Control
JT  - Tobacco control
JID - 9209612
RN  - 0 (Carcinogens)
RN  - 0 (Nitrosamines)
RN  - 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution)
RN  - 27323-64-4 (hydroxycotinine)
RN  - 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine)
RN  - 7S395EDO61 (4-(N-methyl-N-nitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone)
RN  - EN7PIX794W (4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butan-1-ol)
RN  - K5161X06LL (Cotinine)
SB  - IM
MH  - Carcinogens/analysis
MH  - Cotinine/analogs & derivatives/urine
MH  - Environmental Exposure/*analysis
MH  - Environmental Monitoring/*methods
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Infant, Newborn
MH  - *Intensive Care Units, Neonatal
MH  - Nicotine/analysis
MH  - Nitrosamines/urine
MH  - Pregnancy
MH  - Tobacco Smoke Pollution/*analysis
PMC - PMC4893002
MID - NIHMS743953
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Carcinogens
OT  - Cotinine
OT  - Environment
OT  - Nicotine
OT  - Priority/special populations
COIS- COMPETING INTERESTS The authors have no competing interests to declare.
EDAT- 2015/12/05 06:00
MHDA- 2018/01/27 06:00
PMCR- 2017/11/01
CRDT- 2015/12/05 06:00
PHST- 2015/06/03 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2015/10/07 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2015/12/05 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2018/01/27 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2015/12/05 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2017/11/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - tobaccocontrol-2015-052506 [pii]
AID - 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2015-052506 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Tob Control. 2016 Nov;25(6):619-623. doi: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2015-052506. 
      Epub 2015 Dec 3.