PMID- 26637596
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20161024
LR  - 20240324
IS  - 1098-5336 (Electronic)
IS  - 0099-2240 (Print)
IS  - 0099-2240 (Linking)
VI  - 82
IP  - 4
DP  - 2016 Feb 15
TI  - Mapping the Distribution of Cysts from the Toxic Dinoflagellate Cochlodinium 
      polykrikoides in Bloom-Prone Estuaries by a Novel Fluorescence In Situ 
      Hybridization Assay.
PG  - 1114-1125
LID - 10.1128/AEM.03457-15 [doi]
AB  - Cochlodinium polykrikoides is a cosmopolitan dinoflagellate that is notorious for 
      causing fish-killing harmful algal blooms (HABs) across North America and Asia. 
      While recent laboratory and ecosystem studies have definitively demonstrated that 
      Cochlodinium forms resting cysts that may play a key role in the dynamics of its 
      HABs, uncertainties regarding cyst morphology and detection have prohibited even 
      a rudimentary understanding of the distribution of C. polykrikoides cysts in 
      coastal ecosystems. Here, we report on the development of a fluorescence in situ 
      hybridization (FISH) assay using oligonucleotide probes specific for the large 
      subunit (LSU) ribosomal DNA (rDNA) of C. polykrikoides. The LSU rDNA-targeted 
      FISH assay was used with epifluorescence microscopy and was iteratively refined 
      to maximize the fluorescent reaction with C. polykrikoides and minimize 
      cross-reactivity. The final LSU rDNA-targeted FISH assay was found to 
      quantitatively recover cysts made by North American isolates of C. polykrikoides 
      but not cysts formed by other common cyst-forming dinoflagellates. The method was 
      then applied to identify and map C. polykrikoides cysts across bloom-prone 
      estuaries. Annual cyst and vegetative cell surveys revealed that elevated 
      densities of C. polykrikoides cysts (>100 cm(-3)) during the spring of a given 
      year were spatially consistent with regions of dense blooms the prior summer. The 
      identity of cysts in sediments was confirmed via independent amplification of C. 
      polykrikoides rDNA. This study mapped C. polykrikoides cysts in a natural marine 
      setting and indicates that the excystment of cysts formed by this harmful alga 
      may play a key role in the development of HABs of this species.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2016, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.
FAU - Hattenrath-Lehmann, Theresa K
AU  - Hattenrath-Lehmann TK
AD  - Stony Brook University, School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Southampton, 
      New York, New York, USA.
FAU - Zhen, Yu
AU  - Zhen Y
AD  - Ocean University of China, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, 
      Qingdao, People's Republic of China.
AD  - Ocean University of China, Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, 
      Ministry of Education, Qingdao, People's Republic of China.
FAU - Wallace, Ryan B
AU  - Wallace RB
AD  - Stony Brook University, School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Southampton, 
      New York, New York, USA.
FAU - Tang, Ying-Zhong
AU  - Tang YZ
AD  - Chinese Academy of Science, Institute of Oceanology, Key Laboratory of Marine 
      Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Qingdao, China yingzhong.tang@qdio.ac.cn 
      christopher.gobler@stonybrook.edu.
FAU - Gobler, Christopher J
AU  - Gobler CJ
AD  - Stony Brook University, School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Southampton, 
      New York, New York, USA yingzhong.tang@qdio.ac.cn 
      christopher.gobler@stonybrook.edu.
LA  - eng
PT  - Evaluation Study
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20151204
PL  - United States
TA  - Appl Environ Microbiol
JT  - Applied and environmental microbiology
JID - 7605801
RN  - 0 (DNA, Protozoan)
RN  - 0 (DNA, Ribosomal)
RN  - 0 (Oligonucleotide Probes)
RN  - 0 (RNA, Ribosomal)
RN  - 0 (RNA, ribosomal, 26S)
SB  - IM
MH  - DNA, Protozoan/genetics
MH  - DNA, Ribosomal/genetics
MH  - Dinoflagellida/genetics/*isolation & purification
MH  - *Estuaries
MH  - Geologic Sediments/*parasitology
MH  - In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence/*methods
MH  - Microscopy, Fluorescence
MH  - North America
MH  - Oligonucleotide Probes/genetics
MH  - RNA, Ribosomal/genetics
MH  - Seasons
MH  - Sensitivity and Specificity
MH  - Spores, Protozoan/genetics/*isolation & purification
PMC - PMC4751851
EDAT- 2015/12/08 06:00
MHDA- 2016/10/25 06:00
PMCR- 2016/08/05
CRDT- 2015/12/06 06:00
PHST- 2015/10/21 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2015/11/26 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2015/12/06 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2015/12/08 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2016/10/25 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2016/08/05 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - AEM.03457-15 [pii]
AID - 03457-15 [pii]
AID - 10.1128/AEM.03457-15 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Appl Environ Microbiol. 2015 Dec 4;82(4):1114-1125. doi: 10.1128/AEM.03457-15. 
      Print 2016 Feb 15.