PMID- 26678258
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20161213
LR  - 20181113
IS  - 1097-9891 (Electronic)
IS  - 0095-2990 (Print)
IS  - 0095-2990 (Linking)
VI  - 42
IP  - 1
DP  - 2016
TI  - Characteristics of novel psychoactive substance exposures reported to New York 
      City Poison Center, 2011-2014.
PG  - 39-47
LID - 10.3109/00952990.2015.1106551 [doi]
AB  - BACKGROUND: Novel psychoactive substances (NPS) are emerging at an unprecedented 
      rate. Likewise, prevalence of use and poisonings has increased in recent years. 
      OBJECTIVE: To compare characteristics of NPS exposures and non-NPS-drug-related 
      exposures and to examine whether there are differences between exposures 
      involving synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists (SCRAs) and other NPS. METHODS: 
      Poison control center data from the five counties of New York City and Long 
      Island were examined from 2011-2014. We examined prevalence and characteristics 
      of NPS exposures (classified as intentional abuse) and compared characteristics 
      of cases involving SCRAs and other NPS. RESULTS: Prevalence of NPS exposures was 
      7.1% in 2011, rising to 12.6% in 2014. Most exposures (82.3%) involved SCRA use. 
      The second and third most prevalent classes were phenethylamines/synthetic 
      cathinones ("bath salts"; 10.2%) and psychedelic phenethylamines (4.3%). Compared 
      to other drug-related exposures (i.e. involving licit and illicit drugs), those 
      who used NPS were more likely to be younger, male, and to have not co-used other 
      drugs (ps < 0.001). SCRA exposures increased sharply in 2014 and the mean age of 
      users increased over time (p < 0.01). Females exposed to SCRAs were younger than 
      males (p < 0.001), and in 2014, individuals exposed to SCRAs were more likely to 
      report concomitant use of alcohol than users of other NPS (p = 0.010). Users of 
      other NPS were more likely than SCRA users to report concomitant use of 
      ecstasy/3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)/"Molly" (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: 
      Exposures reported to the poison center that involve NPS are increasing and the 
      majority involve SCRAs. These findings should inform prevention and harm 
      reduction approaches.
FAU - Palamar, Joseph J
AU  - Palamar JJ
AD  - a Department of Population Health , New York University Langone Medical Center , 
      New York , NY , USA.
FAU - Su, Mark K
AU  - Su MK
AD  - b Division of Medical Toxicology , New York University School of Medicine , New 
      York , NY , USA.
AD  - c New York City Poison Control Center , New York , NY , USA.
FAU - Hoffman, Robert S
AU  - Hoffman RS
AD  - b Division of Medical Toxicology , New York University School of Medicine , New 
      York , NY , USA.
LA  - eng
GR  - K01 DA038800/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20151217
PL  - England
TA  - Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse
JT  - The American journal of drug and alcohol abuse
JID - 7502510
RN  - 0 (Cannabinoid Receptor Agonists)
RN  - 0 (Psychotropic Drugs)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adolescent
MH  - Adult
MH  - Cannabinoid Receptor Agonists/poisoning
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Male
MH  - New York City/epidemiology
MH  - Poison Control Centers/*statistics & numerical data/trends
MH  - Poisoning/*epidemiology
MH  - Prevalence
MH  - Psychotropic Drugs/*poisoning
MH  - Risk Factors
MH  - Young Adult
PMC - PMC4767576
MID - NIHMS746301
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - 4-methylenedioxy-methamphetamine
OT  - MDMA)
OT  - Novel psychoactive substances
OT  - drug exposures
OT  - ecstasy (3
OT  - synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists
OT  - synthetic cathinones
COIS- Declaration of interest The authors report no conflicts of interest. The authors 
      alone are responsible for the content and writing of this article.
EDAT- 2015/12/19 06:00
MHDA- 2016/12/15 06:00
PMCR- 2017/01/01
CRDT- 2015/12/19 06:00
PHST- 2015/12/19 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2015/12/19 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2016/12/15 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2017/01/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.3109/00952990.2015.1106551 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 2016;42(1):39-47. doi: 10.3109/00952990.2015.1106551. 
      Epub 2015 Dec 17.