PMID- 26693828
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20161006
LR  - 20191210
IS  - 1095-8649 (Electronic)
IS  - 0022-1112 (Linking)
VI  - 88
IP  - 2
DP  - 2016 Feb
TI  - Physiological preparedness and performance of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar smolts 
      in relation to behavioural salinity preferences and thresholds.
PG  - 595-617
LID - 10.1111/jfb.12853 [doi]
AB  - This study investigated the relationships between behavioural responses of 
      Atlantic salmon Salmo salar smolts to saltwater (SW) exposure and physiological 
      characteristics of smolts in laboratory experiments. It concurrently described 
      the behaviour of acoustically tagged smolts with respect to SW and tidal cycles 
      during estuary migration. Salmo salar smolts increased their use of SW relative 
      to fresh water (FW) from April to June in laboratory experiments. Mean preference 
      for SW never exceeded 50% of time in any group. Preference for SW increased 
      throughout the course of smolt development. Maximum continuous time spent in SW 
      was positively related to gill Na(+), K(+)-ATPase (NKA) activity and 
      osmoregulatory performance in full-strength SW (measured as change in gill NKA 
      activity and plasma osmolality). Smolts decreased depth upon reaching areas of 
      the Penobscot Estuary where SW was present, and all fish became more surface 
      oriented during passage from head of tide to the ocean. Acoustically tagged, 
      migrating smolts with low gill NKA activity moved faster in FW reaches of the 
      estuary than those with higher gill NKA activity. There was no difference in 
      movement rate through SW reaches of the estuary based on gill NKA activity. 
      Migrating fish moved with tidal flow during the passage of the lower estuary 
      based on the observed patterns in both vertical and horizontal movements. The 
      results indicate that smolts select low-salinity water during estuary migration 
      and use tidal currents to minimize energetic investment in seaward migration. 
      Seasonal changes in osmoregulatory ability highlight the importance of the timing 
      of stocking and estuary arrival.
CI  - (c) 2015 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles.
FAU - Stich, D S
AU  - Stich DS
AD  - Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Conservation Biology, 5755 Nutting Hall, 
      University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, U.S.A.
FAU - Zydlewski, G B
AU  - Zydlewski GB
AD  - School of Marine Sciences, 5706 Aubert Hall, University of Maine, Orono, ME 
      04469, U.S.A.
FAU - Zydlewski, J D
AU  - Zydlewski JD
AD  - Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Conservation Biology, 5755 Nutting Hall, 
      University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, U.S.A.
AD  - U.S. Geological Survey, Maine Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, 5755 
      Nutting Hall, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, U.S.A.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PT  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
DEP - 20151222
PL  - England
TA  - J Fish Biol
JT  - Journal of fish biology
JID - 0214055
RN  - 0 (Fish Proteins)
RN  - EC 7.2.2.13 (Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animal Identification Systems
MH  - *Animal Migration
MH  - Animals
MH  - Estuaries
MH  - Fish Proteins/*metabolism
MH  - Gills/*enzymology
MH  - *Salinity
MH  - Salmon/*physiology
MH  - Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase/*metabolism
MH  - Water Movements
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - depth
OT  - estuary
OT  - migration
OT  - movement
OT  - residence
OT  - salt water
EDAT- 2015/12/24 06:00
MHDA- 2016/10/08 06:00
CRDT- 2015/12/24 06:00
PHST- 2014/11/13 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2015/11/03 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2015/12/24 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2015/12/24 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2016/10/08 06:00 [medline]
AID - 10.1111/jfb.12853 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Fish Biol. 2016 Feb;88(2):595-617. doi: 10.1111/jfb.12853. Epub 2015 Dec 22.