PMID- 26696851
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
DCOM- 20151223
LR  - 20201001
IS  - 1662-5153 (Print)
IS  - 1662-5153 (Electronic)
IS  - 1662-5153 (Linking)
VI  - 9
DP  - 2015
TI  - The Effects of Electrical and Optical Stimulation of Midbrain Dopaminergic 
      Neurons on Rat 50-kHz Ultrasonic Vocalizations.
PG  - 331
LID - 10.3389/fnbeh.2015.00331 [doi]
LID - 331
AB  - RATIONALE: Adult rats emit ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) at around 50-kHz; 
      these commonly occur in contexts that putatively engender positive affect. While 
      several reports indicate that dopaminergic (DAergic) transmission plays a role in 
      the emission of 50-kHz calls, the pharmacological evidence is mixed. Different 
      modes of dopamine (DA) release (i.e., tonic and phasic) could potentially explain 
      this discrepancy. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the potential role of phasic DA 
      release in 50-kHz call emission. METHODS: In Experiment 1, USVs were recorded in 
      adult male rats following unexpected electrical stimulation of the medial 
      forebrain bundle (MFB). In parallel, phasic DA release in the nucleus accumbens 
      (NAcc) was recorded using fast-scan cyclic voltammetry. In Experiment 2, USVs 
      were recorded following response-contingent or non-contingent optogenetic 
      stimulation of midbrain DAergic neurons. Four 20-s schedules of optogenetic 
      stimulation were used: fixed-interval, fixed-time, variable-interval, and 
      variable-time. RESULTS: Brief electrical stimulation of the MFB increased both 
      50-kHz call rate and phasic DA release in the NAcc. During optogenetic 
      stimulation sessions, rats initially called at a high rate comparable to that 
      observed following reinforcers such as psychostimulants. Although optogenetic 
      stimulation maintained reinforced responding throughout the 2-h session, the call 
      rate declined to near zero within the first 30 min. The trill call subtype 
      predominated following both electrical and optical stimulation. CONCLUSION: The 
      occurrence of electrically-evoked 50-kHz calls, time-locked to phasic DA 
      (Experiment 1), provides correlational evidence supporting a role for phasic DA 
      in USV production. However, in Experiment 2, the temporal dissociation between 
      calling and optogenetic stimulation of midbrain DAergic neurons suggests that 
      phasic mesolimbic DA release is not sufficient to produce 50-kHz calls. The 
      emission of the trill subtype of 50-kHz calls potentially provides a marker 
      distinguishing positive affect from positive reinforcement.
FAU - Scardochio, Tina
AU  - Scardochio T
AD  - Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Neuropsychopharmacology, McGill 
      University Montreal, QC, Canada.
FAU - Trujillo-Pisanty, Ivan
AU  - Trujillo-Pisanty I
AD  - Department of Psychology, Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology, 
      Concordia University Montreal, QC, Canada.
FAU - Conover, Kent
AU  - Conover K
AD  - Department of Psychology, Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology, 
      Concordia University Montreal, QC, Canada.
FAU - Shizgal, Peter
AU  - Shizgal P
AD  - Department of Psychology, Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology, 
      Concordia University Montreal, QC, Canada.
FAU - Clarke, Paul B S
AU  - Clarke PB
AD  - Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Neuropsychopharmacology, McGill 
      University Montreal, QC, Canada ; Department of Psychology, Center for Studies in 
      Behavioral Neurobiology, Concordia University Montreal, QC, Canada.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20151208
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Front Behav Neurosci
JT  - Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience
JID - 101477952
PMC - PMC4672056
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - fast-scan cyclic voltammetry
OT  - midbrain dopaminergic neurons
OT  - nucleus accumbens
OT  - optogenetics
OT  - phasic dopamine
OT  - ultrasonic vocalizations
EDAT- 2015/12/24 06:00
MHDA- 2015/12/24 06:01
PMCR- 2015/01/01
CRDT- 2015/12/24 06:00
PHST- 2015/09/25 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2015/11/18 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2015/12/24 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2015/12/24 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2015/12/24 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2015/01/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.3389/fnbeh.2015.00331 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Front Behav Neurosci. 2015 Dec 8;9:331. doi: 10.3389/fnbeh.2015.00331. 
      eCollection 2015.