PMID- 26702164
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20161213
LR  - 20181113
IS  - 2737-5935 (Electronic)
IS  - 0037-5675 (Print)
IS  - 0037-5675 (Linking)
VI  - 56
IP  - 12
DP  - 2015 Dec
TI  - The prevalence of albuminuria among diabetic patients in a primary care setting 
      in Singapore.
PG  - 681-6
LID - 10.11622/smedj.2015189 [doi]
AB  - INTRODUCTION: Microalbuminuria is an early sign of kidney damage. The prevalence 
      of microalbuminuria in Singapore has been reported to be 36.0%-48.5%. However, 
      the prevalence of microalbuminuria reported in these studies was determined with 
      one urine sample using a qualitative urine test. The aim of this study was to 
      determine the prevalence of micro- and macroalbuminuria using a more stringent 
      criterion of two positive quantitative urine albumin-creatinine ratio (ACR) 
      tests. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study of patients with type 2 
      diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who were followed up at a primary care clinic in 
      Singapore. Patients were diagnosed to have albuminuria if they had two positive 
      ACR tests within a seven-month period. RESULTS: A total of 786 patients with T2DM 
      met the study's inclusion criteria. 55.7% were already on an 
      angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) and/or angiotensin receptor 
      blocker (ARB). The prevalence rates of micro- and macroalbuminuria were 14.2% and 
      5.7%, respectively. Patients with albuminuria were more likely to have 
      hypertension (odds ratio [OR] 3.47, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.55-7.80). 
      Diabetics with poorer diabetic control (OR 1.88, 95% CI 1.26-2.79), and higher 
      systolic (OR 1.69, 95% CI 1.14-2.49) and diastolic (OR 1.96, 95% CI, 1.20 to 
      3.22) blood pressures were more likely to have albuminuria. CONCLUSION: In the 
      present study, the prevalence of microalbuminuria is significantly lower than 
      that previously reported in Singapore. The presence of hypertension, poor 
      diabetic control and suboptimal blood pressure control are possible risk factors 
      for albuminuria in patients with T2DM.
FAU - Lee, Eng Sing
AU  - Lee ES
AD  - Clinical Research Unit, Family Medicine Development Division, National Healthcare 
      Group Polyclinics, Singapore.
FAU - Tang, Wern Ee
AU  - Tang WE
AD  - Clinical Research Unit, Family Medicine Development Division, National Healthcare 
      Group Polyclinics, Singapore.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - India
TA  - Singapore Med J
JT  - Singapore medical journal
JID - 0404516
RN  - AYI8EX34EU (Creatinine)
SB  - IM
MH  - Aged
MH  - Albuminuria/complications/*epidemiology/urine
MH  - Blood Pressure
MH  - Creatinine/urine
MH  - Cross-Sectional Studies
MH  - Diabetes Complications/*epidemiology
MH  - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/*complications
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Hypertension/complications
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Odds Ratio
MH  - Prevalence
MH  - Primary Health Care
MH  - Singapore
MH  - Treatment Outcome
PMC - PMC4678408
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - albuminuria
OT  - macroalbuminuria
OT  - microalbuminuria
OT  - prevalence
OT  - type 2 diabetes mellitus
EDAT- 2015/12/25 06:00
MHDA- 2016/12/15 06:00
PMCR- 2015/12/01
CRDT- 2015/12/25 06:00
PHST- 2015/12/25 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2015/12/25 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2016/12/15 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2015/12/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - SMJ-56-681 [pii]
AID - 10.11622/smedj.2015189 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Singapore Med J. 2015 Dec;56(12):681-6. doi: 10.11622/smedj.2015189.