PMID- 26719373
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20161213
LR  - 20180501
IS  - 1096-0929 (Electronic)
IS  - 1096-0929 (Linking)
VI  - 150
IP  - 1
DP  - 2016 Mar
TI  - Cytotoxicity of Thirdhand Smoke and Identification of Acrolein as a Volatile 
      Thirdhand Smoke Chemical That Inhibits Cell Proliferation.
PG  - 234-46
LID - 10.1093/toxsci/kfv327 [doi]
AB  - Thirdhand smoke (THS) is a mixture of chemicals that remain on indoor surfaces 
      after smoking has ceased. These chemicals can be inhaled, ingested, or absorbed 
      dermally, and thus could impact human health. We evaluated the cytotoxicity and 
      mode of action of fresh and aged THS, the toxicity of volatile organic chemicals 
      (VOCs) in THS, and the molecular targets of acrolein, a VOC in THS. Experiments 
      were done using mouse neural stem cells (mNSC), human pulmonary fibroblasts 
      (hPF), and lung A549 epithelial cells. THS-exposed cotton cloth was extracted in 
      Dulbecco's Eagle Medium and caused cytotoxicity in the 
      3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. THS 
      extracts induced blebbing, immotility, vacuolization, cell fragmentation, 
      severing of microfilaments and depolymerization of microtubules in mNSC. 
      Cytotoxicity was inversely related to headspace volume in the extraction 
      container and was lost upon aging, suggesting that VOCs in THS were cytotoxic. 
      Phenol, 2',5'-dimethyl furan and acrolein were identified as the most cytotoxic 
      VOCs in THS, and in combination, their cytotoxicity increased. Acrolein inhibited 
      proliferation of mNSC and hPF and altered expression of cell cycle regulatory 
      genes. Twenty-four hours of treatment with acrolein decreased expression of 
      transcription factor Dp-1, a factor needed for the G1 to S transition in the cell 
      cycle. At 48 h, WEE1 expression increased, while ANACP1 expression decreased 
      consistent with blocking entry into and completion of the M phase of the cell 
      cycle. This study identified acrolein as a highly cytotoxic VOC in THS which 
      killed cells at high doses and inhibited cell proliferation at low doses.
CI  - (c) The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society 
      of Toxicology. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: 
      journals.permissions@oup.com.
FAU - Bahl, Vasundhra
AU  - Bahl V
AD  - *Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, University of California, 
      Riverside, California 92521, USA; Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program;
FAU - Weng, Nikki J-H
AU  - Weng NJ
AD  - *Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, University of California, 
      Riverside, California 92521, USA; Cell Molecular and Developmental Biology 
      Graduate Program;
FAU - Schick, Suzaynn F
AU  - Schick SF
AD  - Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, 
      University of California, San Francisco, California 94243, USA;
FAU - Sleiman, Mohamad
AU  - Sleiman M
AD  - Lawrence Berkley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA; and.
FAU - Whitehead, Jacklyn
AU  - Whitehead J
AD  - *Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, University of California, 
      Riverside, California 92521, USA; Bioengineering Interdepartmental Graduate 
      Program.
FAU - Ibarra, Allison
AU  - Ibarra A
AD  - *Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, University of California, 
      Riverside, California 92521, USA;
FAU - Talbot, Prue
AU  - Talbot P
AD  - *Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, University of California, 
      Riverside, California 92521, USA; prue.talbot@ucr.edu.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20151229
PL  - United States
TA  - Toxicol Sci
JT  - Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology
JID - 9805461
RN  - 0 (Tetrazolium Salts)
RN  - 0 (Thiazoles)
RN  - 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution)
RN  - 0 (Volatile Organic Compounds)
RN  - 7864XYD3JJ (Acrolein)
RN  - EUY85H477I (thiazolyl blue)
SB  - IM
MH  - A549 Cells
MH  - Acrolein/chemistry/*toxicity
MH  - Animals
MH  - Cell Cycle/drug effects/genetics
MH  - Cell Proliferation/*drug effects/genetics
MH  - Cell Survival/drug effects/genetics
MH  - Fibroblasts/*drug effects/pathology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Mice
MH  - Neural Stem Cells/*drug effects/pathology
MH  - Tetrazolium Salts/chemistry
MH  - Thiazoles/chemistry
MH  - Tobacco Smoke Pollution/*adverse effects/analysis
MH  - Volatile Organic Compounds/chemistry/*toxicity
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - THS
OT  - acrolein
OT  - cell cycle
OT  - cell proliferation
OT  - cytotoxicity
OT  - lung cells
OT  - stem cells
OT  - thirdhand smoke
OT  - volatile organic chemicals
EDAT- 2016/01/01 06:00
MHDA- 2016/12/15 06:00
CRDT- 2016/01/01 06:00
PHST- 2016/01/01 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2016/01/01 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2016/12/15 06:00 [medline]
AID - kfv327 [pii]
AID - 10.1093/toxsci/kfv327 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Toxicol Sci. 2016 Mar;150(1):234-46. doi: 10.1093/toxsci/kfv327. Epub 2015 Dec 
      29.