PMID- 26749444 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20160627 LR - 20160220 IS - 1096-0953 (Electronic) IS - 0013-9351 (Linking) VI - 146 DP - 2016 Apr TI - Determinants of plasma PCB, brominated flame retardants, and organochlorine pesticides in pregnant women and 3 year old children in The Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study. PG - 136-44 LID - S0013-9351(15)30182-1 [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.envres.2015.12.020 [doi] AB - BACKGROUND: Exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) during prenatal and postnatal life has been extensively studied in relation to adverse health effects in children. OBJECTIVES: The aim was to identify determinants of the concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), brominated flame retardants (polybrominated diphenyl ethers, PBDEs; polybrominated biphenyl, PBB), and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in blood samples from pregnant women and children in The Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa). METHODS: Blood samples were collected from two independent subsamples within MoBa; a group of women (n=96) enrolled in mid-pregnancy during the years 2002-2008 and a group of 3 year old children (n=99) participating during 2010-2011. PCB congeners (74, 99, 138, 153, 180, 170, 194, 209, 105, 114, 118, 156, 157, 167, and 189), brominated flame retardants (PBDE-28, 47, 99, 100, 153, 154, and PBB-153), as well as the OCPs hexachlorobenzene (HCB), oxychlordane, 4,4'dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), and 4,4'dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) were measured in both pregnant women and children. RESULTS: Age, low parity, and low pre-pregnant BMI were the most important determinants of increased plasma concentrations of POPs in pregnant women. In 3 year old children, prolonged breastfeeding duration was a major determinant of increased POP concentrations. Estimated dietary exposure to PCBs during pregnancy was positively associated with plasma concentrations in 3 year old children, but not in pregnant women. Plasma concentrations were approximately 40% higher in children compared to pregnant women. CONCLUSIONS: Several factors associated with exposure and toxicokinetics, i.e. accumulation, excretion and transfer via breastmilk of POPs were the main predictors of POP levels in pregnant women and children. Diet, which is the main exposure source for these compounds in the general population, was found to predict PCB levels only among children. For the PBDEs, for which non-dietary sources are more important, toxicokinetic factors appeared to have less predictive impact. CI - Copyright (c) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. FAU - Caspersen, Ida Henriette AU - Caspersen IH AD - Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 4404 Nydalen, NO-0403 Oslo, Norway. Electronic address: ida.henriette.caspersen@fhi.no. FAU - Kvalem, Helen Engelstad AU - Kvalem HE AD - Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 4404 Nydalen, NO-0403 Oslo, Norway; Bjorknes College, Lovisenberggata 13, NO-0456 Oslo, Norway. FAU - Haugen, Margaretha AU - Haugen M AD - Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 4404 Nydalen, NO-0403 Oslo, Norway. FAU - Brantsaeter, Anne Lise AU - Brantsaeter AL AD - Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 4404 Nydalen, NO-0403 Oslo, Norway. FAU - Meltzer, Helle Margrete AU - Meltzer HM AD - Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 4404 Nydalen, NO-0403 Oslo, Norway. FAU - Alexander, Jan AU - Alexander J AD - Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 4404 Nydalen, NO-0403 Oslo, Norway. FAU - Thomsen, Cathrine AU - Thomsen C AD - Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 4404 Nydalen, NO-0403 Oslo, Norway. FAU - Froshaug, May AU - Froshaug M AD - Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 4404 Nydalen, NO-0403 Oslo, Norway. FAU - Bremnes, Nanna Margrethe Bruun AU - Bremnes NM AD - Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 4404 Nydalen, NO-0403 Oslo, Norway. FAU - Broadwell, Sharon Lynn AU - Broadwell SL AD - Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 4404 Nydalen, NO-0403 Oslo, Norway. FAU - Granum, Berit AU - Granum B AD - Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 4404 Nydalen, NO-0403 Oslo, Norway. FAU - Kogevinas, Manolis AU - Kogevinas M AD - Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Doctor Aiguader 88, Barcelona, Spain; IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Publica (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain. FAU - Knutsen, Helle Katrine AU - Knutsen HK AD - Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 4404 Nydalen, NO-0403 Oslo, Norway. LA - eng GR - 1UO1NS047537-01/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/United States GR - 2UO1NS047537-06A1/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/United States GR - N01-ES-75558/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/United States PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20160101 PL - Netherlands TA - Environ Res JT - Environmental research JID - 0147621 RN - 0 (Environmental Pollutants) RN - 0 (Flame Retardants) RN - 0 (Hydrocarbons, Brominated) RN - 0 (Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated) RN - 0 (Pesticides) RN - 0 (Polybrominated Biphenyls) RN - DFC2HB4I0K (Polychlorinated Biphenyls) SB - IM MH - Child, Preschool MH - Cohort Studies MH - Demography MH - Diet MH - *Environmental Exposure MH - Environmental Monitoring MH - Environmental Pollutants/*blood MH - Female MH - Flame Retardants/*metabolism MH - Humans MH - Hydrocarbons, Brominated/*blood MH - Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated/*blood MH - Life Style MH - Norway MH - Pesticides/*blood MH - Polybrominated Biphenyls/blood MH - Polychlorinated Biphenyls/blood MH - Pregnancy OTO - NOTNLM OT - MoBa OT - OCP OT - PBDE OT - PCB OT - The Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study EDAT- 2016/01/11 06:00 MHDA- 2016/06/28 06:00 CRDT- 2016/01/11 06:00 PHST- 2015/09/11 00:00 [received] PHST- 2015/11/25 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2015/12/18 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2016/01/11 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2016/01/11 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2016/06/28 06:00 [medline] AID - S0013-9351(15)30182-1 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.envres.2015.12.020 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Environ Res. 2016 Apr;146:136-44. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2015.12.020. Epub 2016 Jan 1.