PMID- 26754927
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20161017
LR  - 20161230
IS  - 1873-1716 (Electronic)
IS  - 0167-5877 (Linking)
VI  - 124
DP  - 2016 Feb 1
TI  - Routine clinical inspections in Norwegian marine salmonid sites: A key role in 
      surveillance for freedom from pathogenic viral haemorrhagic septicaemia (VHS).
PG  - 85-95
LID - S0167-5877(15)30099-4 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2015.12.008 [doi]
AB  - Since the mid-1980s, clinical inspections of aquaculture sites carried out on a 
      regular basis by authorized veterinarians and fish health biologists (known as 
      fish health services: FHS) have been an essential part of aquatic animal health 
      surveillance in Norway. The aims of the present study were (1) to evaluate the 
      performance of FHS routine clinical inspections for the detection of VHS and (2) 
      to explore the effectiveness of risk-based prioritisation of FHS inspections for 
      demonstrating freedom from VHS in marine salmonid sites in Norway. A stochastic 
      simulation model was developed to estimate site sensitivity (SeS), population 
      sensitivity (SeP), and probability of freedom (PFree). The estimation of SeS 
      takes into consideration the probability that FHS submit samples if a site is 
      infected, the probability that a sample is tested if submitted, the effective 
      probability of infection in fish with clinical signs, laboratory test 
      sensitivity, and the number of tested samples. SeP and PFree were estimated on a 
      monthly basis over a 12 month period for six alternative surveillance scenarios 
      and included the risk factors: region, species, area production density, and 
      biosecurity level. Model results indicate that the current surveillance system, 
      based on routine inspections by the FHS has a high capability for detecting VHS 
      and that there is a high probability of freedom from VHS in Norwegian marine 
      farmed salmonids (PFree >95%). Sensitivity analysis identified the probabilities 
      that samples are submitted and submitted samples are tested, as the most 
      influential input variables. The model provides a supporting tool for evaluation 
      of potential changes in the surveillance strategy, and can be viewed as a 
      platform for similar exotic viral infectious diseases in marine salmonid farming 
      in Norway, if they share similar risk factors.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
FAU - Lyngstad, Trude Marie
AU  - Lyngstad TM
AD  - Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway. Electronic address: 
      trude.lyngstad@vetinst.no.
FAU - Hellberg, Hege
AU  - Hellberg H
AD  - Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway.
FAU - Viljugrein, Hildegunn
AU  - Viljugrein H
AD  - Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway.
FAU - Bang Jensen, Britt
AU  - Bang Jensen B
AD  - Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway.
FAU - Brun, Edgar
AU  - Brun E
AD  - Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway.
FAU - Sergeant, Evan
AU  - Sergeant E
AD  - AusVet, Animal Health Services, Toowoomba, Australia.
FAU - Tavornpanich, Saraya
AU  - Tavornpanich S
AD  - Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20151219
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Prev Vet Med
JT  - Preventive veterinary medicine
JID - 8217463
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Aquaculture
MH  - Epidemiological Monitoring/*veterinary
MH  - Hemorrhagic Septicemia, Viral/*epidemiology/*prevention & control/virology
MH  - Norway/epidemiology
MH  - Novirhabdovirus/*isolation & purification
MH  - *Oncorhynchus mykiss
MH  - Risk Factors
MH  - *Salmo salar
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Atlantic salmon
OT  - Disease freedom
OT  - Fish health service
OT  - Rainbow trout
OT  - Risk-based surveillance
OT  - Viral haemorrhagic septicaemia
EDAT- 2016/01/13 06:00
MHDA- 2016/10/19 06:00
CRDT- 2016/01/13 06:00
PHST- 2015/09/03 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2015/12/09 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2015/12/14 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2016/01/13 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2016/01/13 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2016/10/19 06:00 [medline]
AID - S0167-5877(15)30099-4 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2015.12.008 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Prev Vet Med. 2016 Feb 1;124:85-95. doi: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2015.12.008. Epub 
      2015 Dec 19.