PMID- 26766395
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20171018
LR  - 20180424
IS  - 1460-2202 (Electronic)
IS  - 0271-3683 (Linking)
VI  - 41
IP  - 9
DP  - 2016 Sep
TI  - Analysis of Riboflavin Compounds in the Rabbit Cornea In Vivo.
PG  - 1166-72
LID - 10.3109/02713683.2015.1101141 [doi]
AB  - PURPOSE: To investigate the composition and concentration of individual 
      riboflavin compounds in the corneal stroma in vivo after soaking with various 
      commercially available riboflavin formulations. METHODS: Experiments were 
      performed in 26 rabbit corneas in vivo: 24 corneas were soaked with riboflavin 
      formulations for 30 minutes or with 0.9% NaCl for control (n = 2). After 
      treatment, corneas were excised and prepared for ultra-high-pressure liquid 
      chromatography (UHPLC) analysis. Additionally, computational chemical analysis of 
      riboflavin compounds and keratan sulfate were performed. RESULTS: The amount of 
      riboflavin and riboflavin phosphate isomers in cornea decreased by a factor of 10 
      to 100, when compared to the amount in riboflavin formulations. In particular, we 
      found an inverse relationship in the ratio of riboflavin to riboflavin phosphate 
      isomer concentration between formulations and cornea. The electronegativity and 
      ionization potential of riboflavin and phosphate isomers are different. 
      CONCLUSIONS: The inverse relationship observed might be explained by a stronger 
      electronegativity of the phosphate isomers, leading to a stronger repulsion by 
      corneal proteoglycans. Indicating the individual concentration of riboflavin 
      compounds in formulations is more representative than the total riboflavin 
      concentration. Riboflavin formulations and CXL protocols might be improved 
      considering the differences in diffusion and ionization potentials of the 
      different riboflavin compounds.
FAU - Hammer, Arthur
AU  - Hammer A
AD  - a Laboratory for Ocular Cell Biology , University of Geneva , Geneva , 
      Switzerland.
FAU - Rudaz, Serge
AU  - Rudaz S
AD  - b School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Geneva , Geneva , 
      Switzerland.
FAU - Guinchard, Sylvie
AU  - Guinchard S
AD  - b School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Geneva , Geneva , 
      Switzerland.
FAU - Kling, Sabine
AU  - Kling S
AD  - a Laboratory for Ocular Cell Biology , University of Geneva , Geneva , 
      Switzerland.
AD  - c Center for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine (CABMM) , University of 
      Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland.
FAU - Richoz, Olivier
AU  - Richoz O
AD  - a Laboratory for Ocular Cell Biology , University of Geneva , Geneva , 
      Switzerland.
AD  - d Cathedral Eye Clinic Ltd. , University of Ulster , Belfast , Ireland.
FAU - Hafezi, Farhad
AU  - Hafezi F
AD  - a Laboratory for Ocular Cell Biology , University of Geneva , Geneva , 
      Switzerland.
AD  - c Center for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine (CABMM) , University of 
      Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland.
AD  - e ELZA Institute , Dietikon/Zurich , Switzerland.
AD  - f Department of Ophthalmology , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , 
      CA , USA.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20160114
PL  - England
TA  - Curr Eye Res
JT  - Current eye research
JID - 8104312
RN  - 0 (Cross-Linking Reagents)
RN  - 0 (Photosensitizing Agents)
RN  - 9007-34-5 (Collagen)
RN  - TLM2976OFR (Riboflavin)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
MH  - Collagen/pharmacology
MH  - Corneal Stroma/drug effects/*metabolism/pathology
MH  - Cross-Linking Reagents/*pharmacokinetics
MH  - Disease Models, Animal
MH  - Keratoconus/diagnosis/*drug therapy/metabolism
MH  - Male
MH  - Photosensitizing Agents/pharmacokinetics
MH  - Rabbits
MH  - Riboflavin/*pharmacokinetics
MH  - Ultraviolet Rays
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - CXL
OT  - Corneal collagen cross-linking
OT  - UHPLC
OT  - riboflavin
EDAT- 2016/01/15 06:00
MHDA- 2017/10/19 06:00
CRDT- 2016/01/15 06:00
PHST- 2016/01/15 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2016/01/15 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2017/10/19 06:00 [medline]
AID - 10.3109/02713683.2015.1101141 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Curr Eye Res. 2016 Sep;41(9):1166-72. doi: 10.3109/02713683.2015.1101141. Epub 
      2016 Jan 14.