PMID- 26767379
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20160916
LR  - 20181113
IS  - 1573-6857 (Electronic)
IS  - 0016-6707 (Linking)
VI  - 144
IP  - 1
DP  - 2016 Feb
TI  - GNBP domain of Anopheles darlingi: are polymorphic inversions and gene variation 
      related to adaptive evolution?
PG  - 99-106
LID - 10.1007/s10709-016-9881-6 [doi]
AB  - Anopheles darlingi is the main malaria vector in humans in South America. In the 
      Amazon basin, it lives along the banks of rivers and lakes, which responds to the 
      annual hydrological cycle (dry season and rainy season). In these breeding sites, 
      the larvae of this mosquito feed on decomposing organic and microorganisms, which 
      can be pathogenic and trigger the activation of innate immune system pathways, 
      such as proteins Gram-negative binding protein (GNBP). Such environmental changes 
      affect the occurrence of polymorphic inversions especially at the heterozygote 
      frequency, which confer adaptative advantage compared to homozygous inversions. 
      We mapped the GNBP probe to the An. darlingi 2Rd inversion by fluorescent in situ 
      hybridization (FISH), which was a good indicator of the GNBP immune response 
      related to the chromosomal polymorphic inversions and adaptative evolution. To 
      better understand the evolutionary relations and time of divergence of the GNBP 
      of An. darlingi, we compared it with nine other mosquito GNBPs. The results of 
      the phylogenetic analysis of the GNBP sequence between the species of mosquitoes 
      demonstrated three clades. Clade I and II included the GNBPB5 sequence, and clade 
      III the sequence of GNBPB1. Most of these sequences of GNBP analyzed were 
      homologous with that of subfamily B, including that of An. gambiae (87 %), 
      therefore suggesting that GNBP of An. darling belongs to subfamily B. This work 
      helps us understand the role of inversion polymorphism in evolution of An. 
      darlingi.
FAU - Bridi, L C
AU  - Bridi LC
AD  - Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Genetica, Conservacao e Biologia Evolutiva-PPG 
      GCBEv, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia-INPA, Manaus, Brazil.
FAU - Rafael, M S
AU  - Rafael MS
AD  - Coordenacao de Sociedade Ambiente e Saude-CSAS, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas 
      da Amazonia, Laboratorio de Vetores de Malaria e Dengue, Departamento de Ciencias 
      da Saude, Av. Andre Araujo, 2936, Aleixo, Manaus, AM, 69060-001, Brazil. 
      msrafael@inpa.gov.br.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20160114
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Genetica
JT  - Genetica
JID - 0370740
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Anopheles/*genetics/immunology
MH  - *Biological Evolution
MH  - *Chromosome Inversion
MH  - *Genes, Insect
MH  - Insect Vectors/genetics/immunology
MH  - Phylogeny
MH  - Physical Chromosome Mapping
MH  - Polytene Chromosomes
MH  - South America
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Adaptative evolution
OT  - Amazon basin
OT  - Fluorescent in situ hybridization
OT  - Polytene chromosomes
EDAT- 2016/01/16 06:00
MHDA- 2016/09/17 06:00
CRDT- 2016/01/16 06:00
PHST- 2015/07/28 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2016/01/09 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2016/01/16 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2016/01/16 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2016/09/17 06:00 [medline]
AID - 10.1007/s10709-016-9881-6 [pii]
AID - 10.1007/s10709-016-9881-6 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Genetica. 2016 Feb;144(1):99-106. doi: 10.1007/s10709-016-9881-6. Epub 2016 Jan 
      14.