PMID- 26769828
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20161024
LR  - 20161230
IS  - 1899-1505 (Electronic)
IS  - 0867-5910 (Linking)
VI  - 66
IP  - 6
DP  - 2015 Dec
TI  - Immunomodulatory effect of riboflavin deficiency and enrichment - reversible 
      pathological response versus silencing of inflammatory activation.
PG  - 793-802
AB  - Ariboflavinosis, that is, vitamin B2 deficiency, is a common problem affecting 
      the populations of both developing and affluent countries. Teenagers, elderly 
      people, pregnant women, and alcohol abusers represent groups that are 
      particularly susceptible to this condition. This study was aimed to determine the 
      effect of different riboflavin concentrations (deficiency and supplementation) on 
      macrophages response induced by bacteria or yeast-derived factors i.e. 
      lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and zymosan, respectively. Mouse macrophage RAW 264.7 
      cells were cultured for 5 days in a medium with a riboflavin concentration 
      corresponding to moderate riboflavin deficiency (3.1 nM), physiological state 
      (10.4 nM), or vitamin pill supplementation (300 nM). On the third or fourth day 
      of deprivation, the medium in some groups was supplemented with riboflavin (300 
      nM). Macrophages activation were assessed after LPS or zymosan stimulation. 
      Short-term (5 days) riboflavin deprivation resulted in the pathological 
      macrophages activation, manifested especially in a reduction of cell viability 
      and excess release of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and high-mobility group box 
      1 (HMGB1) protein. Moreover, the levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase 
      (iNOS), nitric oxide (NO), heat shock protein (Hsp72), interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta), 
      monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and interleukin 10 (IL-10) decreased 
      after riboflavin deprivation, but medium enrichment with riboflavin (300 nM) on 
      the third or fourth day reversed this effect. In the riboflavin-supplemented 
      group, LPS-stimulated macrophages showed lower mortality accompanied by higher 
      Hsp72 expression, reduction of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and TNF-alpha, and 
      elevation of NO, IL-6, and IL-10. Moreover, the TLR6, NO, iNOS, IL-1beta, MCP-1, and 
      the keratinocyte chemoattractant (KC) levels significantly decreased in the 
      zymosan-stimulated groups maintained in riboflavin-enriched medium. We conclude 
      that short-term riboflavin deficiency significantly impairs the ability of 
      macrophages to induce proper immune response, while riboflavin enrichment 
      decreases the proinflammatory activation of macrophages.
FAU - Mazur-Bialy, A I
AU  - Mazur-Bialy AI
AD  - Department of Ergonomics and Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Health Science, 
      Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland. 
      agnieszka.mazur@uj.edu.pl.
FAU - Pochec, E
AU  - Pochec E
AD  - Department of Glycoconjugate Biochemistry, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian 
      University, Cracow, Poland.
FAU - Plytycz, B
AU  - Plytycz B
AD  - Department of Evolutionary Immunobiology, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian 
      University, Cracow, Poland.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PL  - Poland
TA  - J Physiol Pharmacol
JT  - Journal of physiology and pharmacology : an official journal of the Polish 
      Physiological Society
JID - 9114501
RN  - 0 (Cytokines)
RN  - 0 (HSP72 Heat-Shock Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Lipopolysaccharides)
RN  - 0 (NF-kappa B)
RN  - 0 (Nitrites)
RN  - 0 (Toll-Like Receptors)
RN  - 9010-72-4 (Zymosan)
RN  - EC 1.14.13.39 (Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II)
RN  - EC 1.14.13.39 (Nos2 protein, mouse)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Cell Line
MH  - Cytokines/genetics/immunology
MH  - HSP72 Heat-Shock Proteins/immunology
MH  - Lipopolysaccharides
MH  - Macrophages/drug effects/*immunology
MH  - Mice
MH  - NF-kappa B/immunology
MH  - Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II/immunology
MH  - Nitrites/immunology
MH  - Riboflavin Deficiency/*immunology
MH  - Toll-Like Receptors/genetics/immunology
MH  - Zymosan
EDAT- 2016/01/16 06:00
MHDA- 2016/10/25 06:00
CRDT- 2016/01/16 06:00
PHST- 2015/06/30 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2015/12/04 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2016/01/16 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2016/01/16 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2016/10/25 06:00 [medline]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Physiol Pharmacol. 2015 Dec;66(6):793-802.