PMID- 26775726
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20170111
LR  - 20181202
IS  - 1873-6424 (Electronic)
IS  - 0269-7491 (Linking)
VI  - 217
DP  - 2016 Oct
TI  - Remoteness from sources of persistent organic pollutants in the multi-media 
      global environment.
PG  - 33-41
LID - S0269-7491(15)30272-4 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.envpol.2015.12.058 [doi]
AB  - Quantifying the remoteness from sources of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) 
      can inform the design of monitoring studies and the interpretation of measurement 
      data. Previous work on quantifying remoteness has not explicitly considered 
      partitioning between the gas phase and aerosols, and between the atmosphere and 
      the Earth's surface. The objective of this study is to present a metric of 
      remoteness for POPs transported through the atmosphere calculated with a global 
      multimedia fate model, BETR-Research. We calculated the remoteness of regions 
      covering the entire globe from emission sources distributed according to light 
      emissions, and taking into account the multimedia partitioning properties of 
      chemicals and using averaged global climate data. Remoteness for hypothetical 
      chemicals with distinct partitioning properties (volatile, semi-volatile, 
      hydrophilic, low-volatility) and having two different half-lives in air (60-day 
      and 2-day) are presented. Differences in remoteness distribution among the 
      hypothetical chemicals are most pronounced in scenarios assuming 60-day half-life 
      in air. In scenarios with a 2-day half-life in air, degradation dominates over 
      wet and dry deposition processes as a pathway for atmospheric removal of all 
      chemicals except the low-volatility chemical. The remoteness distribution of the 
      low-volatility chemical is strongly dependent on assumptions about degradability 
      on atmospheric aerosols. Calculations that considered seasonal variability in 
      temperature, hydroxyl radical concentrations in the atmosphere and global 
      atmospheric and oceanic circulation patterns indicate that variability in 
      hydroxyl radical concentrations largely determines the seasonal variability of 
      remoteness. Concentrations of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) measured in 
      tree bark from around the world are more highly correlated with remoteness 
      calculated using our methods than with proximity to human population, and we see 
      considerable potential to apply remoteness calculations for interpretation of 
      monitoring data collected under programs such as the Stockholm Convention Global 
      Monitoring Plan.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.
FAU - Goktas, Recep Kaya
AU  - Goktas RK
AD  - Department of Environmental Engineering, Kocaeli University, Umuttepe Yerleskesi, 
      41380, Izmit, Kocaeli, Turkey; Department of Environmental Science and Analytical 
      Chemistry (ACES), Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius vag 8, SE 11418, 
      Stockholm, Sweden. Electronic address: rkaya.goktas@kocaeli.edu.tr.
FAU - MacLeod, Matthew
AU  - MacLeod M
AD  - Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry (ACES), Stockholm 
      University, Svante Arrhenius vag 8, SE 11418, Stockholm, Sweden. Electronic 
      address: matthew.macleod@aces.su.se.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20160115
PL  - England
TA  - Environ Pollut
JT  - Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)
JID - 8804476
RN  - 0 (Environmental Pollutants)
RN  - 0 (Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers)
SB  - IM
MH  - Atmosphere/*chemistry
MH  - Climate
MH  - Environmental Pollutants/*analysis
MH  - *Geography, Medical
MH  - Half-Life
MH  - Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers/analysis
MH  - Humans
MH  - *Models, Theoretical
MH  - Oceans and Seas
MH  - Plant Bark/chemistry
MH  - Volatilization
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - BETR
OT  - Long-range transport
OT  - Multimedia modeling
OT  - POPs
OT  - Remoteness
EDAT- 2016/01/19 06:00
MHDA- 2017/01/12 06:00
CRDT- 2016/01/19 06:00
PHST- 2015/10/03 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2015/12/24 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2015/12/24 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2016/01/19 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2016/01/19 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2017/01/12 06:00 [medline]
AID - S0269-7491(15)30272-4 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.envpol.2015.12.058 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Environ Pollut. 2016 Oct;217:33-41. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2015.12.058. Epub 2016 
      Jan 15.