PMID- 26781716
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20160627
LR  - 20220318
IS  - 1573-2959 (Electronic)
IS  - 0167-6369 (Linking)
VI  - 188
IP  - 2
DP  - 2016 Feb
TI  - Occurrence and spatial distribution of pesticide residues in butter and ghee 
      (clarified butter fat) in Punjab (India).
PG  - 100
LID - 10.1007/s10661-016-5115-8 [doi]
AB  - The present study was undertaken to monitor organochlorine, organophosphate, and 
      synthetic pyrethroid pesticide residues in butter (n = 55) and ghee (n = 56) 
      samples collected from three different regions of Punjab. The estimation of 
      pesticide residues was done by multiple residue analytical technique using gas 
      chromatography equipped with GC-ECD and GC-FTD. The confirmation of residues was 
      done on gas chromatography mass spectrometry in both selective ion monitoring 
      (SIM) and scan mode. Results indicated the presence of hexacholorocyclohexane 
      (HCH) and p,p' DDE as predominant contaminant in both butter and ghee. Residues 
      of HCH were detected in 25 and 23% samples of butter and ghee, respectively, 
      while residues of p,p' DDE were recorded in 29 and 25% of butter and ghee 
      samples, respectively. None of the butter and ghee sample violated the MRL values 
      of 200 ng g(-1) for HCH and 1250 ng g(-1) for dichorodiphenyl tricholorethane 
      (DDT). The presence of endosulfan, cypermethrin, fenvalerate, deltamethrin, and 
      chlorpyrifos were observed in a few butter and ghee samples at traces. The 
      spatial variation for comparative occurrence of pesticide residues indicated 
      higher levels in the south-western region of Punjab. Additionally, the temporal 
      variation indicated the significant reduction of HCH and DDT levels in butter and 
      ghee in Punjab.
FAU - Bedi, J S
AU  - Bedi JS
AD  - School of Public Health and Zoonoses, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal 
      Sciences University, Ludhiana, 141004, Punjab, India. bedijasbir78@gmail.com.
FAU - Gill, J P S
AU  - Gill JP
AD  - School of Public Health and Zoonoses, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal 
      Sciences University, Ludhiana, 141004, Punjab, India.
FAU - Aulakh, R S
AU  - Aulakh RS
AD  - School of Public Health and Zoonoses, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal 
      Sciences University, Ludhiana, 141004, Punjab, India.
FAU - Kaur, Prabhjit
AU  - Kaur P
AD  - School of Public Health and Zoonoses, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal 
      Sciences University, Ludhiana, 141004, Punjab, India.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20160118
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Environ Monit Assess
JT  - Environmental monitoring and assessment
JID - 8508350
RN  - 0 (Ghee)
RN  - 0 (Nitriles)
RN  - 0 (Pesticide Residues)
RN  - 0 (Pyrethrins)
RN  - 1TR49121NP (cypermethrin)
RN  - 2JTS8R821G (decamethrin)
RN  - 8029-34-3 (Butter)
RN  - JCS58I644W (Chlorpyrifos)
RN  - OKA6A6ZD4K (Endosulfan)
RN  - Z6MXZ39302 (fenvalerate)
SB  - IM
MH  - Butter/*analysis
MH  - Chlorpyrifos/analysis
MH  - Chromatography, Gas
MH  - Endosulfan/analysis
MH  - Environmental Monitoring
MH  - Food Contamination/*analysis
MH  - Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
MH  - Ghee/*analysis
MH  - India
MH  - Nitriles
MH  - Pesticide Residues/*analysis
MH  - Pyrethrins
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Butter
OT  - Ghee
OT  - India
OT  - Pesticides residues
OT  - Punjab
EDAT- 2016/01/20 06:00
MHDA- 2016/06/28 06:00
CRDT- 2016/01/20 06:00
PHST- 2015/10/05 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2016/01/12 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2016/01/20 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2016/01/20 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2016/06/28 06:00 [medline]
AID - 10.1007/s10661-016-5115-8 [pii]
AID - 10.1007/s10661-016-5115-8 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Environ Monit Assess. 2016 Feb;188(2):100. doi: 10.1007/s10661-016-5115-8. Epub 
      2016 Jan 18.