PMID- 26813159
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
DCOM- 20160127
LR  - 20201001
IS  - 2223-4691 (Print)
IS  - 2223-4691 (Electronic)
IS  - 2223-4683 (Linking)
VI  - 3
IP  - 2
DP  - 2014 Jun
TI  - Urinary adverse effects of pelvic radiotherapy.
PG  - 186-95
LID - 10.3978/j.issn.2223-4683.2014.04.01 [doi]
AB  - OBJECTIVE: Radiation is an integral part of the treatment of many pelvic tumors. 
      The cellular death induced by radiotherapy (RT) benefits cancer control but can 
      also result in adverse effects (AEs) on the organ being treated or those adjacent 
      to it. RT for cancers of the pelvis (bladder, prostate, rectum, uterus or cervix) 
      can result in AEs in the urinary tract. While the acute urinary AEs of pelvic RT 
      are well described, late AEs are less well characterized. The burden of treatment 
      for late AEs may be large given the prevalence of tumors in the pelvis and the 
      high utilization of RT to treat them. REVIEW: For prostate cancer, grade 1 and 2 
      urinary AEs following external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) are reported to 
      occur in 20-43% and 7-19%, respectively, with a follow up of 10 years. Three-year 
      cumulative risk for grade >/=2 urinary AEs is 28-30%. Following brachytherapy (BT), 
      rates of urinary AEs at 5 years are reported to be 36%, 24%, 6.2% and 0.1% for 
      Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) grade 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. For 
      bladder cancer, with a median follow-up of 5 years, 7-12% of patients who receive 
      RT experience urinary AEs of grade 3 or more. For cervical cancer, there remains 
      a 0.25% per year risk of severe AEs for at least 25 years following RT, and 
      ureteral stricture is a well-described AE. For endometrial cancer, severe urinary 
      AEs are rare, but at 13 years of follow up, patients report a significantly worse 
      quality of life with respect to urinary function. In rectal cancer, preoperative 
      RT has a lower risk of AEs than postoperative RT, and few urinary AEs are 
      reported in the literature. CONCLUSIONS: Urinary AEs can manifest long after RT, 
      and there is a paucity of studies describing rates of these long-term AEs. It is 
      important that the possible complications of RT are recognized by providers and 
      properly communicated to patients so that they are able to make informed 
      decisions about their cancer treatment.
FAU - Liberman, Daniel
AU  - Liberman D
AD  - Department of Urology, University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis, 
      MN, USA.
FAU - Mehus, Brian
AU  - Mehus B
AD  - Department of Urology, University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis, 
      MN, USA.
FAU - Elliott, Sean P
AU  - Elliott SP
AD  - Department of Urology, University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis, 
      MN, USA.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
PL  - China
TA  - Transl Androl Urol
JT  - Translational andrology and urology
JID - 101581119
PMC - PMC4708162
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Pelvic radiotherapy
OT  - adverse effects (AEs)
OT  - urinary toxicity
OT  - urinary tract
COIS- Conflicts of Interest: Dr. Elliott is a consultant to American Medical Systems, 
      Auxilium Pharmaceuticals, GT Urological, and PercuVision. The other authors have 
      no conflicts of interest to declare.
EDAT- 2014/06/01 00:00
MHDA- 2014/06/01 00:01
PMCR- 2014/06/01
CRDT- 2016/01/28 06:00
PHST- 2016/01/28 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2014/06/01 00:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2014/06/01 00:01 [medline]
PHST- 2014/06/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - tau-03-02-186 [pii]
AID - 10.3978/j.issn.2223-4683.2014.04.01 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Transl Androl Urol. 2014 Jun;3(2):186-95. doi: 
      10.3978/j.issn.2223-4683.2014.04.01.