PMID- 26814020 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20170428 LR - 20170428 IS - 1528-0691 (Electronic) IS - 1528-0691 (Linking) VI - 16 IP - 2 DP - 2016 Apr TI - Single-molecule Spectroscopy: Exploring Heterogeneity in Chemical and Biological Systems. PG - 601-13 LID - 10.1002/tcr.201500214 [doi] AB - Many chemical and biological systems are heterogeneous in the molecular length scale ( approximately 1 nm). Heterogeneity in many chemical systems and organized assemblies may be monitored using single-molecule spectroscopy (SMS). In SMS, the size of the focal spot (i.e., the smallest region to be probed) is nearly half of the excitation wavelength (lambda/2, i.e., 200-375 nm) for visible light (400-750 nm). We discuss how one can get spatial resolutions better than 200 nm using molecules as nanometric probes. We show that polymer hydrogels, lipid vesicles, room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs), and binary liquid mixtures exhibit such heterogeneity. Another important observation is solute-dependent friction in RTILs. In an RTIL, diffusion of an ionic solute is slower than that of a neutral solute. CI - (c) 2016 The Chemical Society of Japan & Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. FAU - Ghosh, Shirsendu AU - Ghosh S AD - Department of Physical Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A and 2B, Raja Subodh Chandra Mullick Rd, Jadavpur, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700032, India. FAU - Bhattacharyya, Kankan AU - Bhattacharyya K AD - Department of Physical Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A and 2B, Raja Subodh Chandra Mullick Rd, Jadavpur, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700032, India. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20160127 PL - United States TA - Chem Rec JT - Chemical record (New York, N.Y.) JID - 101085550 RN - 0 (Antibodies) RN - 0 (Hydrogels) RN - 0 (Ionic Liquids) RN - 0 (Lipid Bilayers) RN - 0 (Liposomes) RN - 0 (Micelles) RN - 0 (Serum Albumin) RN - 0 (Surface-Active Agents) RN - 0 (Tubulin) RN - 147336-22-9 (Green Fluorescent Proteins) SB - IM MH - Antibodies/chemistry MH - Diffusion MH - Green Fluorescent Proteins/chemistry MH - Humans MH - Hydrogels MH - Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions MH - Ionic Liquids/chemistry MH - Lipid Bilayers/chemistry MH - Liposomes/chemistry MH - Micelles MH - Protein Conformation MH - Serum Albumin/chemistry MH - Single Molecule Imaging/*methods MH - Surface-Active Agents/chemistry MH - Transition Temperature MH - Tubulin/chemistry MH - Viscosity OTO - NOTNLM OT - binary mixture OT - conformational fluctuation of proteins OT - heterogeneity OT - ionic liquids OT - single-molecule studies EDAT- 2016/01/28 06:00 MHDA- 2017/04/30 06:00 CRDT- 2016/01/28 06:00 PHST- 2015/07/22 00:00 [received] PHST- 2016/01/28 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2016/01/28 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2017/04/30 06:00 [medline] AID - 10.1002/tcr.201500214 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Chem Rec. 2016 Apr;16(2):601-13. doi: 10.1002/tcr.201500214. Epub 2016 Jan 27.