PMID- 26822065
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20161031
LR  - 20191220
IS  - 1872-7123 (Electronic)
IS  - 0165-1781 (Print)
IS  - 0165-1781 (Linking)
VI  - 237
DP  - 2016 Mar 30
TI  - Abnormal decision-making in generalized anxiety disorder: Aversion of risk or 
      stimulus-reinforcement impairment?
PG  - 351-6
LID - S0165-1781(15)30877-5 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.psychres.2015.12.031 [doi]
AB  - There is preliminary data indicating that patients with generalized anxiety 
      disorder (GAD) show impairment on decision-making tasks requiring the appropriate 
      representation of reinforcement value. The current study aimed to extend this 
      literature using the passive avoidance (PA) learning task, where the participant 
      has to learn to respond to stimuli that engender reward and avoid responding to 
      stimuli that engender punishment. Six stimuli engendering reward and six 
      engendering punishment are presented once per block for 10 blocks of trials. 
      Thirty-nine medication-free patients with GAD and 29 age-, IQ and gender matched 
      healthy comparison individuals performed the task. In addition, indexes of social 
      functioning as assessed by the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) scale were 
      obtained to allow for correlational analyzes of potential relations between 
      cognitive and social impairments. The results revealed a Group-by-Error 
      Type-by-Block interaction; patients with GAD committed significantly more 
      commission (passive avoidance) errors than comparison individuals in the later 
      blocks (blocks 7,8, and 9). In addition, the extent of impairment on these blocks 
      was associated with their functional impairment as measured by the GAF scale. 
      These results link GAD with anomalous decision-making and indicate that a 
      potential problem in reinforcement representation may contribute to the severity 
      of expression of their disorder.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2016. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd.
FAU - Teng, Cindy
AU  - Teng C
AD  - National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Department of 
      Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA.
FAU - Otero, Marcela
AU  - Otero M
AD  - National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Department of 
      Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA.
FAU - Geraci, Marilla
AU  - Geraci M
AD  - National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Department of 
      Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA.
FAU - Blair, R J R
AU  - Blair RJ
AD  - National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Department of 
      Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA.
FAU - Pine, Daniel S
AU  - Pine DS
AD  - National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Department of 
      Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA.
FAU - Grillon, Christian
AU  - Grillon C
AD  - National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Department of 
      Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA.
FAU - Blair, Karina S
AU  - Blair KS
AD  - National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Department of 
      Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA.
LA  - eng
GR  - Z01 MH002798-07/Intramural NIH HHS/United States
GR  - ZIA MH002860/Intramural NIH HHS/United States
GR  - 1-ZIA-MH002860/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural
DEP - 20160119
PL  - Ireland
TA  - Psychiatry Res
JT  - Psychiatry research
JID - 7911385
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Anxiety Disorders/complications/*physiopathology
MH  - Avoidance Learning
MH  - Cognition Disorders/etiology/*physiopathology
MH  - Decision Making/*physiology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Punishment
MH  - *Reinforcement, Psychology
MH  - Reward
PMC - PMC4988522
MID - NIHMS810399
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Decision-making
OT  - GAD
OT  - Global assessment of functioning
OT  - Passive avoidance
OT  - Punishment
OT  - Reward
OT  - Stimulus-reinforcement learning
EDAT- 2016/01/30 06:00
MHDA- 2016/11/01 06:00
PMCR- 2016/08/17
CRDT- 2016/01/30 06:00
PHST- 2015/01/29 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2015/11/03 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2015/12/25 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2016/01/30 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2016/01/30 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2016/11/01 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2016/08/17 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - S0165-1781(15)30877-5 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.psychres.2015.12.031 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Psychiatry Res. 2016 Mar 30;237:351-6. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2015.12.031. Epub 
      2016 Jan 19.