PMID- 26826361
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20161114
LR  - 20181202
IS  - 1873-6750 (Electronic)
IS  - 0160-4120 (Linking)
VI  - 89-90
DP  - 2016 Apr-May
TI  - Brominated flame retardants (BFRs) in breast milk and associated health risks to 
      nursing infants in Northern Tanzania.
PG  - 38-47
LID - S0160-4120(15)30135-5 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.envint.2015.12.032 [doi]
AB  - The main aim of this study was to assess brominated flame retardants (BFRs) in 
      breast milk in the Northern parts of Tanzania. Ninety-five colostrum samples from 
      healthy, primiparous mothers at Mount Meru Regional Referral Hospital (MMRRH), 
      Arusha Tanzania, were analyzed for polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), 
      hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD), 1,2-bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy) ethane (BTBPE), 
      hexabromobenzene (HBB), (2,3-dibromopropyl) (2,4,6-tribromophenyl) ether (DPTE), 
      pentabromoethylbenzene (PBEB) and 2,3,4,5,6-pentabromotoluene (PBT). The Ʃ7PBDE 
      (BDE 28, 47, 99, 100, 153, 154, 183) ranged from below level of detection (<LOD) 
      to 785ng/g lipid weight (lw). BDE 47, 99, 100 and 153 were the dominating 
      congeners, suggesting recent and ongoing exposure to banned, commercial PentaBDE 
      mixture. A multiple linear regression model revealed that mothers eating clay 
      soil/Pemba during pregnancy had significantly higher levels of BDE 47, 99, 100 
      and 153 in their breast milk than mothers who did not eat clay soil/Pemba. Infant 
      birth weight and birth length were significantly correlated with the levels of 
      BDE 47, 99, 100 and 153. The estimated daily intake (ng/kg body weight/day) of 
      BDE 47 and 99 exceeded the US EPA Reference doses (RfD) in four and eight 
      mothers, respectively, suggesting a potential health risk to the nursing infants.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
FAU - Muller, M H B
AU  - Muller MH
AD  - Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Campus Adamstuen, P.O. Box 8146 Dep, 
      N-0033, Oslo, Norway. Electronic address: mette.helen.bjorge.muller@nmbu.no.
FAU - Polder, A
AU  - Polder A
AD  - Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Campus Adamstuen, P.O. Box 8146 Dep, 
      N-0033, Oslo, Norway.
FAU - Brynildsrud, O B
AU  - Brynildsrud OB
AD  - Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Campus Adamstuen, P.O. Box 8146 Dep, 
      N-0033, Oslo, Norway.
FAU - Lie, E
AU  - Lie E
AD  - Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Campus Adamstuen, P.O. Box 8146 Dep, 
      N-0033, Oslo, Norway; Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Gaustadalleen 21, 
      N-0349, Oslo, Norway.
FAU - Loken, K B
AU  - Loken KB
AD  - Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Campus Adamstuen, P.O. Box 8146 Dep, 
      N-0033, Oslo, Norway; Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Gaustadalleen 21, 
      N-0349, Oslo, Norway.
FAU - Manyilizu, W B
AU  - Manyilizu WB
AD  - Sokoine University of Agriculture, Department of Veterinary Medicine and Public 
      Health, P.O. Box 3021, Morogoro, Tanzania.
FAU - Mdegela, R H
AU  - Mdegela RH
AD  - Sokoine University of Agriculture, Department of Veterinary Medicine and Public 
      Health, P.O. Box 3021, Morogoro, Tanzania.
FAU - Mokiti, F
AU  - Mokiti F
AD  - Mount Meru Regional Referral Hospital, P.O. Box 3092, Arusha, Tanzania.
FAU - Murtadha, M
AU  - Murtadha M
AD  - Mount Meru Regional Referral Hospital, P.O. Box 3092, Arusha, Tanzania.
FAU - Nonga, H E
AU  - Nonga HE
AD  - Sokoine University of Agriculture, Department of Veterinary Medicine and Public 
      Health, P.O. Box 3021, Morogoro, Tanzania.
FAU - Skaare, J U
AU  - Skaare JU
AD  - Norwegian Veterinary Institute, P.O. Box 750, Sentrum, N-0106, Oslo, Norway.
FAU - Lyche, J L
AU  - Lyche JL
AD  - Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Campus Adamstuen, P.O. Box 8146 Dep, 
      N-0033, Oslo, Norway.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20160128
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Environ Int
JT  - Environment international
JID - 7807270
RN  - 0 (Flame Retardants)
RN  - 0 (Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers)
SB  - IM
MH  - *Breast Feeding
MH  - Female
MH  - Flame Retardants/*analysis
MH  - Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers/*analysis
MH  - Humans
MH  - Infant
MH  - Maternal Exposure/adverse effects
MH  - Milk, Human/*chemistry
MH  - Risk
MH  - Tanzania
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Brominated flame retardants
OT  - Estimated daily intake
OT  - Human breast milk
OT  - Infant growth
OT  - Pemba
OT  - Tanzania
EDAT- 2016/01/31 06:00
MHDA- 2016/11/15 06:00
CRDT- 2016/01/31 06:00
PHST- 2015/10/07 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2015/12/03 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2015/12/23 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2016/01/31 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2016/01/31 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2016/11/15 06:00 [medline]
AID - S0160-4120(15)30135-5 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.envint.2015.12.032 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Environ Int. 2016 Apr-May;89-90:38-47. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2015.12.032. Epub 
      2016 Jan 28.