PMID- 26829334
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20180206
LR  - 20191210
IS  - 1872-6283 (Electronic)
IS  - 0379-0738 (Linking)
VI  - 265
DP  - 2016 Aug
TI  - Amphetamines and cannabinoids testing in hair: Evaluation of results from a 
      two-year period.
PG  - 47-53
LID - S0379-0738(16)00011-6 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.forsciint.2016.01.003 [doi]
AB  - This paper presents an overview of a set of amphetamines and cannabinoids tests 
      performed on head hair samples from the Medico-Legal sector at the Madrid 
      Department of the Spanish National Institute of Toxicology and Forensic Sciences 
      during the years 2013 and 2014. The hair samples were tested for five stimulant 
      phenylalkylamine derivatives -amphetamine (AP), methamphetamine (MA), 
      3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), 3,4-methylenedioxy-amphetamine (MDA), 
      and 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-ethylamphetamine (MDEA)- and/or two 
      cannabinoids-Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabinol (CBN)- by gas 
      chromatography equipped with mass spectrometry detection in selected-ion 
      monitoring mode, applying a method accredited to ISO/IEC 17025 standards. The 
      test results were interpreted according to the confirmation cut-offs proposed by 
      the Society of Hair Testing (SoHT) to identify chronic drug use. The ratios of 
      positive results were studied in relation to gender, age, hair colour, dyeing and 
      length of the tested samples to assess the independence from these variables or 
      the association with them. Low, medium and high ranges of concentration were also 
      estimated for each drug. 21.94% of the 2954 hair samples tested for 
      phenylalkylamine derivatives were positive for one or more substances. 16.38% of 
      the samples were positive for AP, 12.09% for MDMA and only 0.44% for MA. 6.60% of 
      the tested samples were positive for AP/MDMA combination. A total of 3178 samples 
      were tested for cannabinoids, resulting in 53.40% positive for THC and CBN. 
      Simultaneous tests for phenylalkylamine derivatives and cannabinoids were 
      performed in 2931 of the samples; 14.94% of them were positive for THC, CBN, and 
      one or more amphetamines. According to the results from the statistical analysis, 
      the use of THC and MDMA vary with age and gender among the Medico-Legal sector in 
      an extended area of Spain, while the use of AP appears to be independent of these 
      variables. On the other hand, the results of THC in hair could be influenced by 
      the length of the tested segment; therefore, a consensus regarding the hair 
      length between 3.0 and 5.5cm for THC testing should be reached.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
FAU - Burgueno, Maria Jose
AU  - Burgueno MJ
AD  - National Institute of Toxicology and Forensic Sciences, Drug of Abuse Unit, 
      Madrid Department, C/ Jose Echegaray, 4, 28232, Las Rozas de Madrid, Spain. 
      Electronic address: mjose.burgueno@justicia.es.
FAU - Alonso, Amaya
AU  - Alonso A
AD  - National Institute of Toxicology and Forensic Sciences, Drug of Abuse Unit, 
      Madrid Department, C/ Jose Echegaray, 4, 28232, Las Rozas de Madrid, Spain.
FAU - Sanchez, Sergio
AU  - Sanchez S
AD  - National Institute of Toxicology and Forensic Sciences, Drug of Abuse Unit, 
      Madrid Department, C/ Jose Echegaray, 4, 28232, Las Rozas de Madrid, Spain.
LA  - eng
PT  - Evaluation Study
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20160111
PL  - Ireland
TA  - Forensic Sci Int
JT  - Forensic science international
JID - 7902034
RN  - 0 (Amphetamines)
RN  - 0 (Cannabinoids)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adolescent
MH  - Adult
MH  - Aged
MH  - Amphetamines/*analysis
MH  - Cannabinoids/*analysis
MH  - Child
MH  - Child, Preschool
MH  - Female
MH  - Forensic Toxicology
MH  - Hair/*chemistry
MH  - Humans
MH  - Infant
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Spain/epidemiology
MH  - *Substance Abuse Detection
MH  - Substance-Related Disorders/*epidemiology
MH  - Young Adult
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Cannabinoids
OT  - Drug testing
OT  - Hair analysis
OT  - Phenylalkylamine derivatives
EDAT- 2016/02/02 06:00
MHDA- 2018/02/07 06:00
CRDT- 2016/02/02 06:00
PHST- 2015/09/26 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2016/01/03 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2016/01/04 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2016/02/02 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2016/02/02 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2018/02/07 06:00 [medline]
AID - S0379-0738(16)00011-6 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.forsciint.2016.01.003 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Forensic Sci Int. 2016 Aug;265:47-53. doi: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2016.01.003. Epub 
      2016 Jan 11.