PMID- 26836123
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20161213
LR  - 20211203
IS  - 1531-7056 (Electronic)
IS  - 0267-1379 (Linking)
VI  - 32
IP  - 2
DP  - 2016 Mar
TI  - Sensing of nutrients and microbes in the gut.
PG  - 86-95
LID - 10.1097/MOG.0000000000000246 [doi]
AB  - PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Sensing of nutrients and microbes in the gut are fundamental 
      processes necessary for life. This review aims to provide an overview of the 
      basic background and new data on cellular nutrient, energy, and microbe sensors. 
      RECENT FINDINGS: The nutrient sensors 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated 
      protein kinase, activating transcription factor 4 and mechanistic target of 
      rapamycin (mTOR) are critical in control of the cell cycle. Recent data 
      demonstrate their role in metabolic syndrome, in cell growth, and as therapeutic 
      targets. Regulation of mTOR by the amino acids is the subject of intense 
      investigation. Recent studies have further elucidated the exact mechanism of 
      amino acid-dependent mTOR regulation. Pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs) are 
      receptors that recognize conserved microbial molecules. New data demonstrate how 
      lymphocyte-specific PRRs are necessary to maintain homeostasis. Moreover, new 
      studies explore the role of PRRs in controlling the gut bacterial and fungal 
      microbiome. SUMMARY: Nutrient sensing molecules are central to cell growth and 
      metabolism and are implicated in cancer and the metabolic syndrome. Regulation of 
      nutrient sensors is complex, and may be amenable to therapeutic targeting. 
      Microbial sensors play critical roles in homeostasis and maintenance of the gut 
      fungal and bacterial microbiome.
FAU - Bishu, Shrinivas
AU  - Bishu S
AD  - Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University 
      of Michigan, Michigan, USA.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
PL  - United States
TA  - Curr Opin Gastroenterol
JT  - Current opinion in gastroenterology
JID - 8506887
RN  - EC 2.7.1.1 (MTOR protein, human)
RN  - EC 2.7.11.1 (TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases)
SB  - IM
MH  - Energy Metabolism/*physiology
MH  - Gastrointestinal Microbiome/*immunology
MH  - Gastrointestinal Tract/*immunology/microbiology/physiology
MH  - Homeostasis
MH  - Humans
MH  - Nutritional Physiological Phenomena/*immunology
MH  - Signal Transduction/*physiology
MH  - TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/*metabolism
EDAT- 2016/02/03 06:00
MHDA- 2016/12/15 06:00
CRDT- 2016/02/03 06:00
PHST- 2016/02/03 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2016/02/03 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2016/12/15 06:00 [medline]
AID - 10.1097/MOG.0000000000000246 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Curr Opin Gastroenterol. 2016 Mar;32(2):86-95. doi: 10.1097/MOG.0000000000000246.