PMID- 26844282
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20161020
LR  - 20181113
IS  - 2352-3964 (Electronic)
IS  - 2352-3964 (Linking)
VI  - 2
IP  - 12
DP  - 2015 Dec
TI  - A High Level of Intestinal Alkaline Phosphatase Is Protective Against Type 2 
      Diabetes Mellitus Irrespective of Obesity.
PG  - 2016-23
LID - 10.1016/j.ebiom.2015.11.027 [doi]
AB  - Mice deficient in intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP) develop type 2 diabetes 
      mellitus (T2DM). We hypothesized that a high level of IAP might be protective 
      against T2DM in humans. We determined IAP levels in the stools of 202 diabetic 
      patients and 445 healthy non-diabetic control people. We found that compared to 
      controls, T2DM patients have approx. 50% less IAP (mean +/- SEM: 67.4 +/- 3.2 vs 
      35.3 +/- 2.5 U/g stool, respectively; p < 0.000001) indicating a protective role 
      of IAP against T2DM. Multiple logistic regression analyses showed an independent 
      association between the IAP level and diabetes status. With each 25 U/g decrease 
      in stool IAP, there is a 35% increased risk of diabetes. The study revealed that 
      obese people with high IAP (approx. 65 U/g stool) do not develop T2DM. Approx. 
      65% of the healthy population have < 65.0 U/g stool IAP, and predictably, these 
      people might have 'the incipient metabolic syndrome', including 'incipient 
      diabetes', and might develop T2DM and other metabolic disorders in the near 
      future. In conclusion, high IAP levels appear to be protective against diabetes 
      irrespective of obesity, and a 'temporal IAP profile' might be a valuable tool 
      for predicting 'the incipient metabolic syndrome', including 'incipient 
      diabetes'.
FAU - Malo, Madhu S
AU  - Malo MS
AD  - Atoxin Biotech, LLC, Worcester, MA 01606, USA.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20151201
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - EBioMedicine
JT  - EBioMedicine
JID - 101647039
RN  - EC 3.1.3.1 (Alkaline Phosphatase)
SB  - IM
CIN - EBioMedicine. 2015 Dec;2(12):1866. PMID: 26844263
MH  - Adult
MH  - Aged
MH  - Alkaline Phosphatase/deficiency/*metabolism
MH  - Case-Control Studies
MH  - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/epidemiology/*etiology/*metabolism
MH  - Enzyme Activation
MH  - Feces/enzymology
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Intestines/*enzymology
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Obesity/epidemiology/*etiology/*metabolism
MH  - Risk Factors
PMC - PMC4703762
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - AP, alkaline phosphatase
OT  - BMI, body mass index
OT  - FPG, fasting plasma glucose
OT  - Fatty liver
OT  - Glucose intolerance
OT  - Hypertension
OT  - IAP, intestinal alkaline phosphatase
OT  - IAP-KO, IAP knockout
OT  - Incipient diabetes
OT  - Insulin resistance
OT  - L-Arg, L-homoarginine
OT  - LPS, lipopolysaccharides
OT  - Obesity
OT  - TNAP, tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase
OT  - The metabolic syndrome
OT  - l-Phe, l-phenylalanine
EDAT- 2016/02/05 06:00
MHDA- 2016/10/21 06:00
PMCR- 2015/12/01
CRDT- 2016/02/05 06:00
PHST- 2015/07/11 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2015/11/15 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2015/11/16 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2016/02/05 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2016/02/05 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2016/10/21 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2015/12/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - S2352-3964(15)30211-5 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.ebiom.2015.11.027 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - EBioMedicine. 2015 Dec 1;2(12):2016-23. doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2015.11.027. 
      eCollection 2015 Dec.