PMID- 26851943
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20161104
LR  - 20200214
IS  - 1433-9285 (Electronic)
IS  - 0933-7954 (Print)
IS  - 0933-7954 (Linking)
VI  - 51
IP  - 4
DP  - 2016 Apr
TI  - Early traumatic experiences, perceived discrimination and conversion to psychosis 
      in those at clinical high risk for psychosis.
PG  - 497-503
LID - 10.1007/s00127-016-1182-y [doi]
AB  - PURPOSE: There is evidence to suggest that both early traumatic experiences and 
      perceived discrimination are associated with later onset of psychosis. Less is 
      known about the impact these two factors may have on conversion to psychosis in 
      those who are at clinical high risk (CHR) of developing psychosis. The purpose of 
      this study was to determine if trauma and perceived discrimination were 
      predictors of conversion to psychosis. METHODS: The sample consisted of 764 
      individuals who were at CHR of developing psychosis and 280 healthy controls. All 
      participants were assessed on past trauma, bullying and perceived discrimination. 
      RESULTS: Individuals at CHR reported significantly more trauma, bullying and 
      perceived discrimination than healthy controls. Only perceived discrimination was 
      a predictor of later conversion to psychosis. CONCLUSIONS: Given that CHR 
      individuals are reporting increased rates of trauma and perceived discrimination, 
      these should be routinely assessed, with the possibility of offering 
      interventions aimed at ameliorating the impact of past traumas as well as 
      improving self-esteem and coping strategies in an attempt to reduce perceived 
      discrimination.
FAU - Stowkowy, Jacqueline
AU  - Stowkowy J
AD  - Department of Psychiatry, Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research and 
      Education, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4Z6, 
      Canada. stowkowy@ucalgary.ca.
FAU - Liu, Lu
AU  - Liu L
AD  - Department of Psychiatry, Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research and 
      Education, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4Z6, 
      Canada.
FAU - Cadenhead, Kristin S
AU  - Cadenhead KS
AD  - Department of Psychiatry, UCSD, La Jolla, CA, USA.
FAU - Cannon, Tyrone D
AU  - Cannon TD
AD  - Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
FAU - Cornblatt, Barbara A
AU  - Cornblatt BA
AD  - Department of Psychiatry, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Long Island, NY, USA.
FAU - McGlashan, Thomas H
AU  - McGlashan TH
AD  - Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
FAU - Perkins, Diana O
AU  - Perkins DO
AD  - Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
FAU - Seidman, Larry J
AU  - Seidman LJ
AD  - Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical 
      Center and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
FAU - Tsuang, Ming T
AU  - Tsuang MT
AD  - Department of Psychiatry, UCSD, La Jolla, CA, USA.
FAU - Walker, Elaine F
AU  - Walker EF
AD  - Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
FAU - Woods, Scott W
AU  - Woods SW
AD  - Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
FAU - Bearden, Carrie E
AU  - Bearden CE
AD  - Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA, Los 
      Angeles, CA, USA.
FAU - Mathalon, Daniel H
AU  - Mathalon DH
AD  - Department of Psychiatry, UCSF, San Francisco, USA.
FAU - Addington, Jean
AU  - Addington J
AD  - Department of Psychiatry, Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research and 
      Education, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4Z6, 
      Canada.
LA  - eng
GR  - U01MH082004-01A1/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
GR  - K24 MH76191/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
GR  - P50 MH080272/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
GR  - U01MH082022/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
GR  - U01 MH081988/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
GR  - U01MH081988/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
GR  - K24 MH076191/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
GR  - U01MH081902/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
GR  - U01MH081984/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
GR  - U01 MH082022/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
GR  - U01 MH081984/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01 MH60720/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
GR  - UO1 MH081857-05/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
GR  - U01 MH081902/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01 MH060720/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
GR  - U01 MH081928/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
GR  - U01 MH081857/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
GR  - U01 MH082004/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
GR  - U01 MH081944/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20160206
PL  - Germany
TA  - Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol
JT  - Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology
JID - 8804358
SB  - IM
MH  - Adolescent
MH  - *Bullying
MH  - Case-Control Studies
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Male
MH  - Psychological Trauma/*epidemiology
MH  - Psychotic Disorders/*epidemiology
MH  - Risk
MH  - Social Discrimination/*psychology
MH  - Young Adult
PMC - PMC7012367
MID - NIHMS773690
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Clinical high risk
OT  - Perceived discrimination
OT  - Prodrome
OT  - Psychosis
OT  - Risk
OT  - Trauma
COIS- Conflict of interest On behalf of all authors, the corresponding author states 
      that there is no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2016/02/08 06:00
MHDA- 2016/11/05 06:00
PMCR- 2020/02/11
CRDT- 2016/02/08 06:00
PHST- 2015/11/08 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2016/01/17 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2016/02/08 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2016/02/08 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2016/11/05 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2020/02/11 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1007/s00127-016-1182-y [pii]
AID - 10.1007/s00127-016-1182-y [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2016 Apr;51(4):497-503. doi: 
      10.1007/s00127-016-1182-y. Epub 2016 Feb 6.