PMID- 26854192
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20171124
LR  - 20181202
IS  - 1399-5448 (Electronic)
IS  - 1399-543X (Linking)
VI  - 18
IP  - 2
DP  - 2017 Mar
TI  - Predominance of DR3 in Somali children with type 1 diabetes in the twin cities, 
      Minnesota.
PG  - 136-142
LID - 10.1111/pedi.12369 [doi]
AB  - BACKGROUND: Minnesota is home to the largest Somali population in USA, and 
      pediatric diabetes teams are seeing increasing numbers of Somali children with 
      diabetes. OBJECTIVE: To assess the immune basis of diabetes in Somali children in 
      the Twin Cities, Minnesota. METHODS: A total of 31 Somali children </=19 yr were 
      treated for type 1 diabetes (T1D) at the University of Minnesota Masonic 
      Children's Hospital and Children's Hospitals and Clinics of Minnesota underwent 
      analysis of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles (n = 30) and diabetes 
      autoantibodies [glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65), islet antigen 2 (IA-2), zinc 
      transporter 8 (ZnT8); n = 31]. HLA alleles were analyzed in 49 Somalis without 
      diabetes (controls). Anti-transglutaminase autoantibodies (TGA) for celiac 
      disease were also measured. RESULTS: In Somali children with T1D aged 13.5 +/- 5 yr 
      (35% female, disease duration 6.5 +/- 3.6 yr), the most common HLA allele was 
      DRB1*03:01 (93%, compared with 45% of Somali controls), followed by DRB1*13:02 
      (27%). There was a relatively low frequency of DR4 (13%). Controls showed a 
      similar pattern. All 31 participants were positive for at least one diabetes 
      autoantibody. Insulin antibodies were positive in 84% (all were on insulin). 
      Excluding insulin antibodies, 23 (74%) subjects tested positive for at least one 
      other diabetes autoantibody; 32% had 1 autoantibody, 32% had 2 autoantibodies, 
      and 10% had 3 autoantibodies. GAD65 autoantibodies were found in 56% of subjects, 
      IA-2 in 29%, and ZnT8 in 26%. Four (13%) were TGA positive. CONCLUSION: The 
      autoantibody and HLA profiles of Somali children with diabetes are consistent 
      with autoimmune diabetes. Their HLA profile is unique with an exceptionally high 
      prevalence of DRB1*03:01 allele and relative paucity of DR4 alleles compared with 
      African Americans with T1D.
CI  - (c) 2016 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
FAU - Sunni, Muna
AU  - Sunni M
AD  - Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Minnesota Masonic Children's 
      Hospital, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
FAU - Noble, Janelle A
AU  - Noble JA
AD  - Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA, USA.
FAU - Yu, Liping
AU  - Yu L
AD  - The Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado, Denver, 
      CO, USA.
FAU - Mahamed, Zahra
AU  - Mahamed Z
AD  - Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Minnesota Masonic Children's 
      Hospital, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
FAU - Lane, Julie A
AU  - Lane JA
AD  - Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA, USA.
FAU - Dhunkal, Abdirahman M
AU  - Dhunkal AM
AD  - Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Minnesota Masonic Children's 
      Hospital, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
FAU - Bellin, Melena D
AU  - Bellin MD
AD  - Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Minnesota Masonic Children's 
      Hospital, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
FAU - Nathan, Brandon
AU  - Nathan B
AD  - Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Minnesota Masonic Children's 
      Hospital, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
FAU - Kyllo, Jennifer
AU  - Kyllo J
AD  - Pediatric Endocrinology and McNeely Diabetes Center, Children's Hospitals and 
      Clinics of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA.
FAU - Abuzzahab, M Jennifer
AU  - Abuzzahab MJ
AD  - Pediatric Endocrinology and McNeely Diabetes Center, Children's Hospitals and 
      Clinics of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA.
FAU - Gottlieb, Peter A
AU  - Gottlieb PA
AD  - The Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado, Denver, 
      CO, USA.
FAU - Babu, Sunanda
AU  - Babu S
AD  - The Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado, Denver, 
      CO, USA.
FAU - Armstrong, Taylor
AU  - Armstrong T
AD  - The Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado, Denver, 
      CO, USA.
FAU - Moran, Antoinette
AU  - Moran A
AD  - Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Minnesota Masonic Children's 
      Hospital, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
LA  - eng
GR  - UL1 TR000114/TR/NCATS NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20160208
PL  - Denmark
TA  - Pediatr Diabetes
JT  - Pediatric diabetes
JID - 100939345
RN  - 0 (HLA-DR0301 antigen)
RN  - 0 (HLA-DR3 Antigen)
RN  - 0 (HLA-DR4 Antigen)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adolescent
MH  - Case-Control Studies
MH  - Child
MH  - Cities/epidemiology
MH  - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/*ethnology/*genetics/immunology
MH  - Female
MH  - Gene Frequency
MH  - Genetic Predisposition to Disease
MH  - HLA-DR3 Antigen/*genetics
MH  - HLA-DR4 Antigen/genetics
MH  - Humans
MH  - Male
MH  - Minnesota/epidemiology
MH  - Somalia/ethnology
MH  - Young Adult
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Somali
OT  - T1D
OT  - diabetes autoimmunity
OT  - human leukocyte antigen
EDAT- 2016/02/09 06:00
MHDA- 2017/11/29 06:00
CRDT- 2016/02/09 06:00
PHST- 2015/09/16 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2016/01/08 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2016/01/08 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2016/02/09 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2017/11/29 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2016/02/09 06:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1111/pedi.12369 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Pediatr Diabetes. 2017 Mar;18(2):136-142. doi: 10.1111/pedi.12369. Epub 2016 Feb 
      8.