PMID- 26862315
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
DCOM- 20160210
LR  - 20200930
IS  - 1426-3912 (Print)
IS  - 1644-4124 (Electronic)
IS  - 1426-3912 (Linking)
VI  - 40
IP  - 4
DP  - 2015
TI  - Central nervous system haemorrhage causing early death in acute promyelocytic 
      leukaemia.
PG  - 486-8
LID - 10.5114/ceji.2015.56975 [doi]
AB  - Acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL) is a rare type of paediatric leukaemia 
      characterised by a specific genetic mutation and life-threatening coagulopathy. 
      The discovery of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), which acts directly on 
      promyelocytic locus-retinoic acid receptor alpha (PML-RARalpha) gene product, brought a 
      revolution to the therapy of this disorder. Unfortunately, despite an improvement 
      in the complete remission rate, the early death (ED) rate has not changed 
      significantly, and the haemorrhages remain a major problem. The most common 
      bleeding site, which accounts for about 65-80% of haemorrhages, is the central 
      nervous system. Second in line are pulmonary haemorrhages (32%), while 
      gastrointestinal bleedings are relatively rare. Haemorrhages result from 
      thrombocytopaenia, disseminated intravascular coagulopathy (DIC), and systemic 
      fibrinolysis. Herein we present a boy aged one year and nine months with APL. The 
      patient was not eligible for ATRA administration due to poor clinical condition. 
      He developed bleeding diathesis that presented as disseminated intravascular 
      coagulation (DIC) and led to intracranial haemorrhage, which resulted in the 
      patient's death.
FAU - Borowska, Anna
AU  - Borowska A
AD  - Student's Scientific Group 'SPHEROCYTE' Department of Paediatric Haematology and 
      Oncology, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland.
FAU - Stelmaszczyk-Emmel, Anna
AU  - Stelmaszczyk-Emmel A
AD  - Department of Laboratory Diagnostics and Clinical Immunology of Developmental 
      Age, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland.
FAU - Pawelec, Katarzyna
AU  - Pawelec K
AD  - Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Medical University of Warsaw, 
      Poland.
LA  - eng
PT  - Case Reports
DEP - 20160115
PL  - Poland
TA  - Cent Eur J Immunol
JT  - Central-European journal of immunology
JID - 9702239
PMC - PMC4737747
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - acute promyelocytic leukaemia
OT  - coagulopathy
OT  - early death
EDAT- 2016/02/11 06:00
MHDA- 2016/02/11 06:01
PMCR- 2015/01/01
CRDT- 2016/02/11 06:00
PHST- 2015/09/01 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2015/10/01 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2016/02/11 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2016/02/11 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2016/02/11 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2015/01/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 26627 [pii]
AID - 10.5114/ceji.2015.56975 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Cent Eur J Immunol. 2015;40(4):486-8. doi: 10.5114/ceji.2015.56975. Epub 2016 Jan 
      15.