PMID- 26868560 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20161005 LR - 20181202 IS - 1873-7072 (Electronic) IS - 0308-8146 (Linking) VI - 201 DP - 2016 Jun 15 TI - Contributing effect of various washing procedures and additives on the decline pattern of diethofencarb in crown daisy, a model of leafy vegetables. PG - 153-9 LID - S0308-8146(16)30063-2 [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.01.064 [doi] AB - The effects of various washing procedures, including stagnant, running, and stagnant and running tap water, and the use of washing solutions and additives, namely NaCl (1% and 2%), vinegar (2%, 5%, and 10%), detergent (0.5% and 1%), and charcoal (1% and 2%), on the reduction rate of diethofencarb were estimated in field-incurred crown daisy, a model of leafy vegetables, grown under greenhouses located in 3 different areas (Gwangju, Naju, and Muan). The original Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe "QuEChERS" method was modified for extraction and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) was used for analysis. The recovery of diethofencarb in unwashed and washed samples was satisfactory and ranged between 84.28% and 115.32% with relative standard deviations (RSDs) of <6%. The residual levels decreased following washing with stagnant, running, and stagnant+running tap water (i.e., decline in levels increased from 65.08% to 85.02%, 69.99 to 86.79, and 74.75 to 88.96, respectively). The percentage of decline increased and ranged from 77.46% to 91.19% following washing with various solutions. Application of 1% detergent was found to be the most effective washing method for reducing the residues in crown daisy. Additionally, washing with stagnant and running tap water or even stagnant water for 5 min might reduce the residue levels substantially, making the prepared food safe for human consumption. CI - Copyright (c) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. FAU - Kim, Sung-Woo AU - Kim SW AD - Biotechnology Research Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Yongbong-ro 77, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea. FAU - Abd El-Aty, A M AU - Abd El-Aty AM AD - Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-dong, Kwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, 12211 Giza, Egypt. Electronic address: abdelaty44@hotmail.com. FAU - Choi, Jeong-Heui AU - Choi JH AD - Biotechnology Research Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Yongbong-ro 77, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea. FAU - Lee, Young-Jun AU - Lee YJ AD - Biotechnology Research Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Yongbong-ro 77, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea. FAU - Lieu, Truong T B AU - Lieu TT AD - Biotechnology Research Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Yongbong-ro 77, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea. FAU - Chung, Hyung Suk AU - Chung HS AD - Biotechnology Research Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Yongbong-ro 77, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea. FAU - Rahman, Md Musfiqur AU - Rahman MM AD - Biotechnology Research Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Yongbong-ro 77, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea. FAU - Choi, Ok-Ja AU - Choi OJ AD - Department of Food & Cooking Science, Sunchon National University, 413 Jungangno, Sunchon, Jellanam-do 540-742, Republic of Korea. FAU - Shin, Ho-Chul AU - Shin HC AD - Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-dong, Kwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea. FAU - Rhee, Gyu-Seek AU - Rhee GS AD - Pesticide & Veterinary Drug Residue Division, National Institution of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, 187, Ohsong-eup, Cheongwon-gun, Chungcheongbuk-do 363-700, Republic of Korea. FAU - Chang, Moon-Ik AU - Chang MI AD - Pesticide & Veterinary Drug Residue Division, National Institution of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, 187, Ohsong-eup, Cheongwon-gun, Chungcheongbuk-do 363-700, Republic of Korea. FAU - Kim, Hee Jung AU - Kim HJ AD - Pesticide & Veterinary Drug Residue Division, National Institution of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, 187, Ohsong-eup, Cheongwon-gun, Chungcheongbuk-do 363-700, Republic of Korea. FAU - Shim, Jae-Han AU - Shim JH AD - Biotechnology Research Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Yongbong-ro 77, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: jhshim@chonnam.ac.kr. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20160121 PL - England TA - Food Chem JT - Food chemistry JID - 7702639 RN - 0 (Fungicides, Industrial) RN - 0 (Pesticide Residues) RN - 0 (Phenylcarbamates) RN - 421BLT77U4 (diethofencarb) SB - IM MH - Chromatography, Liquid/methods MH - Chrysanthemum/*chemistry MH - Fungicides, Industrial/*analysis MH - Pesticide Residues/*analysis MH - Phenylcarbamates/*analysis MH - Plant Leaves/chemistry MH - Tandem Mass Spectrometry/methods MH - Vegetables/chemistry OTO - NOTNLM OT - Crown daisy OT - Diethofencarb OT - LC/MS/MS OT - QuEChERS OT - Washing methods OT - Washing solutions EDAT- 2016/02/13 06:00 MHDA- 2016/10/07 06:00 CRDT- 2016/02/13 06:00 PHST- 2015/09/16 00:00 [received] PHST- 2016/01/11 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2016/01/15 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2016/02/13 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2016/02/13 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2016/10/07 06:00 [medline] AID - S0308-8146(16)30063-2 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.01.064 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Food Chem. 2016 Jun 15;201:153-9. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.01.064. Epub 2016 Jan 21.