PMID- 26873197
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20161213
LR  - 20161230
IS  - 1618-2650 (Electronic)
IS  - 1618-2642 (Linking)
VI  - 408
IP  - 10
DP  - 2016 Apr
TI  - The development and comparison of collection techniques for inorganic and organic 
      gunshot residues.
PG  - 2567-76
LID - 10.1007/s00216-016-9357-7 [doi]
AB  - The detection and interpretation of gunshot residues (GSR) plays an important 
      role in the investigation of firearm-related events. Commonly, the analysis 
      focuses on inorganic particles incorporating elements derived from the primer. 
      However, recent changes in ammunition formulations and possibility that particles 
      from non-firearm sources can be indistinguishable from certain primer particles 
      challenge the standard operational protocol and call for adjustments, namely the 
      combination of inorganic and organic GSR analysis. Two protocols for the combined 
      collection and subsequent analysis of inorganic and organic GSR were developed 
      and optimised for 15 compounds potentially present in organic GSR (OGSR). These 
      protocols were conceptualised to enable OGSR analysis by ultrahigh-performance 
      liquid chromatography (UHPLC) coupled with UV detection and triple quadrupole 
      tandem mass spectrometry (confirmation) and IGSR analysis by scanning electron 
      microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX). Using 
      liquid extraction, the extraction recoveries from spiked swabs and stubs were ~80 
      % (50-98 % for swabs, 64-98 % for stubs). When the mixed OGSR standard was 
      applied to the hands and recovered in the way that is usual for IGSR collection, 
      GSR stubs performed significantly better than swabs (~30 %) for the collection of 
      OGSR. The optimised protocols were tested and compared for combined OGSR and 
      inorganic GSR analysis using samples taken at a shooting range. The most suitable 
      protocol for combined collection and analysis of IGSR and OGSR involved 
      collection using GSR stubs followed by SEM-EDX analysis and liquid extraction 
      using acetone followed by analysis with UHPLC.
FAU - Taudte, Regina Verena
AU  - Taudte RV
AD  - Centre for Forensic Science, University of Technology, P.O. Box 123, Broadway, 
      Sydney, New South Wales, 2007, Australia.
FAU - Roux, Claude
AU  - Roux C
AD  - Centre for Forensic Science, University of Technology, P.O. Box 123, Broadway, 
      Sydney, New South Wales, 2007, Australia.
FAU - Blanes, Lucas
AU  - Blanes L
AD  - Centre for Forensic Science, University of Technology, P.O. Box 123, Broadway, 
      Sydney, New South Wales, 2007, Australia.
FAU - Horder, Mark
AU  - Horder M
AD  - Forensic Ballistics Investigation Services Group, NSW Police Force, 151-241 
      Goulburn Street, Surry Hills, Sydney, New South Wales, 2010, Australia.
FAU - Kirkbride, K Paul
AU  - Kirkbride KP
AD  - School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Flinders University, Bedford Park, 
      Adelaide, South Australia, 5001, Australia.
FAU - Beavis, Alison
AU  - Beavis A
AD  - Centre for Forensic Science, University of Technology, P.O. Box 123, Broadway, 
      Sydney, New South Wales, 2007, Australia. alison.beavis@uts.edu.au.
LA  - eng
PT  - Comparative Study
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20160212
PL  - Germany
TA  - Anal Bioanal Chem
JT  - Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry
JID - 101134327
RN  - 0 (Inorganic Chemicals)
RN  - 0 (Organic Chemicals)
SB  - IM
MH  - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/methods
MH  - *Firearms
MH  - Inorganic Chemicals/*analysis
MH  - Microscopy, Electron, Scanning
MH  - Organic Chemicals/*analysis
MH  - Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission
MH  - Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Alcohol wipes
OT  - GSR stubs
OT  - Gunshot residues
OT  - Inorganic
OT  - Liquid extraction
OT  - Organic
EDAT- 2016/02/14 06:00
MHDA- 2016/12/15 06:00
CRDT- 2016/02/14 06:00
PHST- 2015/11/16 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2016/01/22 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2016/01/14 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2016/02/14 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2016/02/14 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2016/12/15 06:00 [medline]
AID - 10.1007/s00216-016-9357-7 [pii]
AID - 10.1007/s00216-016-9357-7 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Anal Bioanal Chem. 2016 Apr;408(10):2567-76. doi: 10.1007/s00216-016-9357-7. Epub 
      2016 Feb 12.