PMID- 26884647
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20161213
LR  - 20181113
IS  - 1466-1861 (Electronic)
IS  - 0962-9351 (Print)
IS  - 0962-9351 (Linking)
VI  - 2016
DP  - 2016
TI  - Cannabinoid CB2 Receptor Mediates Nicotine-Induced Anti-Inflammation in N9 
      Microglial Cells Exposed to beta Amyloid via Protein Kinase C.
PG  - 4854378
LID - 10.1155/2016/4854378 [doi]
LID - 4854378
AB  - BACKGROUND: Reducing beta amyloid- (Abeta-) induced microglial activation is considered 
      to be effective in treating Alzheimer's disease (AD). Nicotine attenuates 
      Abeta-induced microglial activation; the mechanism, however, is still elusive. 
      Microglia could be activated into classic activated state (M1 state) or 
      alternative activated state (M2 state); the former is cytotoxic and the latter is 
      neurotrophic. In this investigation, we hypothesized that nicotine attenuates 
      Abeta-induced microglial activation by shifting microglial M1 to M2 state, and 
      cannabinoid CB2 receptor and protein kinase C mediate the process. METHODS: We 
      used Abeta1-42 to activate N9 microglial cells and observed nicotine-induced effects 
      on microglial M1 and M2 biomarkers by using western blot, immunocytochemistry, 
      and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS: We found that nicotine 
      reduced the levels of M1 state markers, including inducible nitric oxide synthase 
      (iNOS) expression and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin- (IL-) 6 
      releases; meanwhile, it increased the levels of M2 state markers, including 
      arginase-1 (Arg-1) expression and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) 
      release, in the Abeta-stimulated microglia. Coadministration of cannabinoid CB2 
      receptor antagonist or protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor partially abolished the 
      nicotine-induced effects. CONCLUSION: These findings indicated that cannabinoid 
      CB2 receptor mediates nicotine-induced anti-inflammation in microglia exposed to 
      Abeta via PKC.
FAU - Jia, Ji
AU  - Jia J
AD  - Department of Anesthesiology, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military 
      Command, Guangzhou 510010, China.
FAU - Peng, Jie
AU  - Peng J
AD  - Department of Anesthesiology, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military 
      Command, Guangzhou 510010, China.
FAU - Li, Zhaoju
AU  - Li Z
AD  - Department of Anesthesiology, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military 
      Command, Guangzhou 510010, China.
FAU - Wu, Youping
AU  - Wu Y
AD  - Department of Anesthesiology, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military 
      Command, Guangzhou 510010, China.
FAU - Wu, Qunlin
AU  - Wu Q
AD  - Department of Anesthesiology, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military 
      Command, Guangzhou 510010, China.
FAU - Tu, Weifeng
AU  - Tu W
AD  - Department of Anesthesiology, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military 
      Command, Guangzhou 510010, China.
FAU - Wu, Mingchun
AU  - Wu M
AD  - Department of Anesthesiology, Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Military 
      Command, Wuhan 430070, China.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20160113
PL  - United States
TA  - Mediators Inflamm
JT  - Mediators of inflammation
JID - 9209001
RN  - 0 (Amyloid beta-Peptides)
RN  - 0 (Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2)
RN  - 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine)
RN  - EC 2.7.11.13 (Protein Kinase C)
SB  - IM
MH  - Amyloid beta-Peptides/*pharmacology
MH  - Animals
MH  - Cell Line
MH  - Inflammation/*metabolism
MH  - Mice
MH  - Microglia/*drug effects/immunology/*metabolism
MH  - Nicotine/*pharmacology
MH  - Protein Kinase C/*metabolism
MH  - Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2/*metabolism
PMC - PMC4738711
EDAT- 2016/02/18 06:00
MHDA- 2016/12/15 06:00
PMCR- 2016/01/13
CRDT- 2016/02/18 06:00
PHST- 2015/10/17 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2015/12/07 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2015/12/16 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2016/02/18 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2016/02/18 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2016/12/15 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2016/01/13 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1155/2016/4854378 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Mediators Inflamm. 2016;2016:4854378. doi: 10.1155/2016/4854378. Epub 2016 Jan 
      13.