PMID- 26886388
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20170815
LR  - 20181113
IS  - 1437-160X (Electronic)
IS  - 0172-8172 (Linking)
VI  - 37
IP  - 1
DP  - 2017 Jan
TI  - Cardiac involvement in primary systemic vasculitis and potential drug therapies 
      to reduce cardiovascular risk.
PG  - 151-167
LID - 10.1007/s00296-016-3435-1 [doi]
AB  - Cardiac involvement is common in primary systemic vasculitides and may be due to 
      direct effect of the disease on the heart or due to therapy. We shall review 
      involvement of the heart in the various forms of primary systemic vasculitis. 
      Among anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis (AAV), 
      eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis most commonly involves the heart. 
      Involvement of the heart confers poorer prognosis in AAV, which is also 
      complicated by increased risk of cardiovascular events. Kawasaki's disease (KD) 
      is the most common form of medium-vessel vasculitis to affect the heart, with 
      coronary artery aneurysms being the most common manifestation. These predispose 
      patients with KD to develop premature ischemic heart disease. Takayasu's 
      arteritis is the most common large-vessel vasculitis to involve the heart and can 
      result in aortic incompetence, myocarditis, or coronary heart disease. 
      Involvement of the heart in Behcet's disease is usually in the form of 
      intracardiac mass lesions, thrombosis, or endomyocardial fibrosis. Drugs used in 
      the treatment of systemic vasculitis influence the risk of developing 
      cardiovascular events. Corticosteroid therapy has been shown to increase the risk 
      of myocardial infarction, whereas methotrexate, azathioprine, mycophenolate 
      mofetil, rituximab, and anti-tumor necrosis alpha agents favorably modulate the 
      risk of cardiovascular events, predominantly by dampening systemic inflammation. 
      Awareness of cardiac involvement in vasculitis and accelerated cardiovascular 
      risk in these patients should help clinicians to maximize the modulation of 
      modifiable risk factors for heart disease in these individuals.
FAU - Misra, Durga Prasanna
AU  - Misra DP
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-5035-7396
AD  - Department of Clinical Immunology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical 
      Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, 605006, India. 
      durgapmisra@gmail.com.
FAU - Shenoy, Sajjan N
AU  - Shenoy SN
AD  - Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Kasturba Medical College 
      Hospital, Mangalore, 575001, Karnataka, India.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20160217
PL  - Germany
TA  - Rheumatol Int
JT  - Rheumatology international
JID - 8206885
RN  - 0 (Anti-Inflammatory Agents)
SB  - IM
MH  - Anti-Inflammatory Agents/*therapeutic use
MH  - Cardiovascular Diseases/drug therapy/*etiology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Risk Factors
MH  - Vasculitis/*complications/drug therapy
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Cardiac involvement
OT  - Cardiovascular risk
OT  - Drugs
OT  - Heart
OT  - Vasculitis
EDAT- 2016/02/18 06:00
MHDA- 2017/08/16 06:00
CRDT- 2016/02/18 06:00
PHST- 2015/11/12 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2016/01/26 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2016/02/18 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2017/08/16 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2016/02/18 06:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1007/s00296-016-3435-1 [pii]
AID - 10.1007/s00296-016-3435-1 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Rheumatol Int. 2017 Jan;37(1):151-167. doi: 10.1007/s00296-016-3435-1. Epub 2016 
      Feb 17.