PMID- 26891927
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20170213
LR  - 20211204
IS  - 1875-5607 (Electronic)
IS  - 1389-5575 (Linking)
VI  - 16
IP  - 13
DP  - 2016
TI  - The Effects of Microcystins (Cyanobacterial Heptapeptides) on the Eukaryotic 
      Cytoskeletal System.
PG  - 1063-77
AB  - Microcystins (MCYs) are cyanobacterial heptapeptides known for their high 
      toxicity in eukaryotic cells and for their potential human health hazards. They 
      are potent and specific inhibitors of type 1 and 2A, serine-threonine protein 
      phosphatases (PP1 and PP2A) and as such, interfere with key cellular and 
      metabolic events. Moreover, they induce oxidative stress involving reactive 
      oxygen species (ROS) generation. Their cytoskeletal effects involve both mitotic 
      and differentiated eukaryotic cells. The main objective of the present review is 
      to summarize the most important cytoskeletal effects of MCY on human, animal and 
      plant cells known to date and to give an insight into the cellular and molecular 
      background of these alterations. Disruptions of microtubule (MTs), microfilament 
      (MF) and intermediate filament (IF) organization have all been described, having 
      consequences on cell shape, tissue integrity and functionality and mitotic 
      division. Most of these subcellular changes are closely related to PP1 and PP2A 
      inhibition and involve misfunctioning of cytoskeleton associated proteins. 
      However, several cytoskeletal alterations are likely to be related to the 
      induction of oxidative stress. MCY induced changes in MT, MF and IF assembly may 
      have severe human health consequences. The main target of cyanotoxin in human/ 
      animal cells is liver and cytoskeletal disruption alters structure and 
      functioning of hepatocytes. However, many other cell types undergo alterations 
      similar to those observed in hepatocytes. Both PP1/PP2A inhibition and ROS 
      generation are involved and the activation of mitogen activated protein kinases 
      (MAPKs) seems to play a crucial role in the molecular events leading to 
      cytoskeletal disruption.
FAU - Mathe, Csaba
AU  - Mathe C
AD  - University of Debrecen, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science and Technology, 
      Egyetem ter 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary. mathe.csaba@science.unideb.hu.
FAU - Beyer, Daniel
AU  - Beyer D
FAU - M-Hamvas, Marta
AU  - M-Hamvas M
FAU - Vasas, Gabor
AU  - Vasas G
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Mini Rev Med Chem
JT  - Mini reviews in medicinal chemistry
JID - 101094212
RN  - 0 (Bacterial Toxins)
RN  - 0 (Cyanobacteria Toxins)
RN  - 0 (Marine Toxins)
RN  - 0 (Microcystins)
RN  - EC 3.1.3.16 (Phosphoprotein Phosphatases)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Bacterial Toxins/analysis/*metabolism/*toxicity
MH  - Cyanobacteria/chemistry/*metabolism
MH  - Cyanobacteria Toxins
MH  - Cytoskeleton/*drug effects/metabolism/pathology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Marine Toxins/analysis/*metabolism/*toxicity
MH  - Microcystins/analysis/*metabolism/*toxicity
MH  - Models, Molecular
MH  - Oxidative Stress/drug effects
MH  - Phosphoprotein Phosphatases/*antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism
EDAT- 2016/02/20 06:00
MHDA- 2017/02/14 06:00
CRDT- 2016/02/20 06:00
PHST- 2015/07/30 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2016/01/01 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2016/02/07 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2016/02/20 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2016/02/20 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2017/02/14 06:00 [medline]
AID - MRMC-EPUB-73854 [pii]
AID - 10.2174/1389557516666160219130732 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Mini Rev Med Chem. 2016;16(13):1063-77. doi: 10.2174/1389557516666160219130732.