PMID- 26920431
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20171013
LR  - 20190318
IS  - 1552-3365 (Electronic)
IS  - 0363-5465 (Linking)
VI  - 44
IP  - 5
DP  - 2016 May
TI  - Importance of Donor Chondrocyte Viability for Osteochondral Allografts.
PG  - 1260-8
LID - 10.1177/0363546516629434 [doi]
AB  - BACKGROUND: Osteochondral allograft (OCA) transplantation provides a biological 
      treatment option for functional restoration of large articular cartilage defects 
      in multiple joints. While successful outcomes after OCA transplantation have been 
      linked to viable donor chondrocytes, the importance of donor cell viability has 
      not been comprehensively validated. PURPOSE: To use a canine model to determine 
      the importance of donor chondrocyte viability at the time of implantation with 
      respect to functional success of femoral condylar OCAs based on radiographic, 
      gross, cell viability, histologic, biochemical, and biomechanical outcome 
      measures. STUDY DESIGN: Controlled laboratory study. METHODS: After approval was 
      obtained from the institutional animal care and use committee, adult female dogs 
      (N = 16) were implanted with 8-mm cylindrical OCAs from male dogs in the lateral 
      and medial femoral condyles of 1 knee. OCAs were preserved for 28 or 60 days 
      after procurement, and chondrocyte viability was quantified before implantation. 
      Two different storage media, temperatures, and time points were used to obtain a 
      spectrum of percentage chondrocyte viability at the time of implantation. A 
      successful outcome was defined as an OCA that was associated with graft 
      integration, maintenance of hyaline cartilage, lack of associated cartilage 
      disorder, and lack of fibrillation, fissuring, or fibrous tissue infiltration of 
      the allograft based on subjective radiographic, gross, and histologic assessments 
      at 6 months after implantation. RESULTS: Chondrocyte viability ranged from 23% to 
      99% at the time of implantation. All successful grafts had >70% chondrocyte 
      viability at the time of implantation, and no graft with chondrocyte viability 
      <70% was associated with a successful outcome. Live-dead stained sections and 
      histologic findings with respect to cell morphological features suggested that 
      successful grafts were consistently composed of viable chondrocytes in lacunae, 
      while grafts that were not successful were composed of nonviable chondrocytes 
      with infiltration of fibroblasts from the surrounding recipient tissues. In situ 
      polymerase chain reaction (fluorescence in situ hybridization [FISH]) assays were 
      performed in an attempt to distinguish donor (male) cells from recipient (female) 
      cells. Unfortunately, this technique was exceptionally difficult to perform on 
      intact articular cartilage sections, and consistent, repeatable data could not be 
      obtained from this testing. However, the data did support histologic and 
      live-dead data, which strongly suggested that successful grafts retained viable 
      donor (male) chondrocytes and unsuccessful grafts degraded and were replaced by 
      fibrous tissue populated with recipient (female) fibroblasts. CONCLUSION: Viable 
      chondrocytes in OCAs at the time of transplantation are primarily responsible for 
      maintenance of donor articular cartilage health in the long term. CLINICAL 
      RELEVANCE: Optimizing chondrocyte viability in all aspects of OCA 
      transplantation-including procurement, processing, storage, transportation, and 
      surgical implantation-needs to be a primary focus for OCA clinical use.
CI  - (c) 2016 The Author(s).
FAU - Cook, James L
AU  - Cook JL
AD  - Comparative Orthopaedic Laboratory, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, 
      USA Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, 
      Missouri, USA CookJL@missouri.edu.
FAU - Stannard, James P
AU  - Stannard JP
AD  - Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, 
      USA.
FAU - Stoker, Aaron M
AU  - Stoker AM
AD  - Comparative Orthopaedic Laboratory, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, 
      USA.
FAU - Bozynski, Chantelle C
AU  - Bozynski CC
AD  - Comparative Orthopaedic Laboratory, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, 
      USA.
FAU - Kuroki, Keiichi
AU  - Kuroki K
AD  - Comparative Orthopaedic Laboratory, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, 
      USA.
FAU - Cook, Cristi R
AU  - Cook CR
AD  - Comparative Orthopaedic Laboratory, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, 
      USA.
FAU - Pfeiffer, Ferris M
AU  - Pfeiffer FM
AD  - Comparative Orthopaedic Laboratory, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, 
      USA Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, 
      Missouri, USA.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20160226
PL  - United States
TA  - Am J Sports Med
JT  - The American journal of sports medicine
JID - 7609541
SB  - IM
MH  - Allografts/*transplantation
MH  - Animals
MH  - Cell Survival
MH  - Chondrocytes/*transplantation
MH  - Dogs
MH  - Female
MH  - Knee Joint/*surgery
MH  - Models, Animal
MH  - Transplantation, Homologous/*methods
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - *articular cartilage defects
OT  - *cell viability
OT  - *chondrocyte viability
OT  - *donor tissues
OT  - *osteochondral allografting
EDAT- 2016/02/28 06:00
MHDA- 2017/10/14 06:00
CRDT- 2016/02/28 06:00
PHST- 2016/02/28 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2016/02/28 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2017/10/14 06:00 [medline]
AID - 0363546516629434 [pii]
AID - 10.1177/0363546516629434 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Am J Sports Med. 2016 May;44(5):1260-8. doi: 10.1177/0363546516629434. Epub 2016 
      Feb 26.