PMID- 26933918
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20170912
LR  - 20181202
IS  - 1473-4877 (Electronic)
IS  - 0300-7995 (Linking)
VI  - 32
IP  - 6
DP  - 2016 Jun
TI  - Practical considerations for the use of sodium-glucose co-transporter type 2 
      inhibitors in treating hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes.
PG  - 1097-108
LID - 10.1185/03007995.2016.1161608 [doi]
AB  - Sodium-glucose co-transporter type 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are a new class of oral 
      anti-diabetic agents with a unique, insulin-independent mode of action. In 
      patients with diabetes who have adequate renal function, SGLT2 inhibitors reduce 
      hyperglycemia by blocking renal glucose reabsorption and increasing urinary 
      glucose excretion. These agents are indicated for the treatment of hyperglycemia 
      in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), as an adjunct to diet and exercise. In terms 
      of efficacy, they are comparable to most other oral agents, and carry a low risk 
      of hypoglycemia unless combined with sulfonylureas or insulin. They may be used 
      in combination regimens with metformin, sulfonylureas, or insulin. Beyond glucose 
      lowering, SGLT2 inhibitors are associated with modest weight loss and mild 
      anti-hypertensive effects. Emerging cardiovascular and renal outcomes data 
      suggest other potentially beneficial non-glycemic effects, although these 
      findings await confirmation from further studies. The main adverse effects are 
      increased risk of volume depletion and of genitourinary infections, although 
      these can be managed with standard interventions. Rare cases of euglycemic 
      ketoacidosis have been reported in a subset of patients treated with these 
      agents, an issue currently under investigation. SGLT2 inhibitors represent a 
      promising alternative treatment option for T2DM patients in whom the 
      effectiveness of oral anti-hyperglycemic therapy is limited by the risk of 
      hypoglycemia, weight gain, or other adverse effects. Safety and efficacy (up to 4 
      years) have been demonstrated in a range of T2DM patient populations, although 
      more studies will be needed to determine whether treatment with SGLT2 inhibitors 
      improves patient-important outcomes in the longer term.
FAU - Lam, Karen S L
AU  - Lam KS
AD  - a Department of Medicine , Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong , 
      Hong Kong SAR , China ;
FAU - Chow, Chun Chung
AU  - Chow CC
AD  - b Department of Medicine and Therapeutics , The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 
      Prince of Wales Hospital , Hong Kong SAR, China ;
FAU - Tan, Kathryn C B
AU  - Tan KC
AD  - a Department of Medicine , Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong , 
      Hong Kong SAR , China ;
FAU - Ma, Ronald C W
AU  - Ma RC
AD  - b Department of Medicine and Therapeutics , The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 
      Prince of Wales Hospital , Hong Kong SAR, China ;
FAU - Kong, Alice P S
AU  - Kong AP
AD  - b Department of Medicine and Therapeutics , The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 
      Prince of Wales Hospital , Hong Kong SAR, China ;
FAU - Tong, Peter C Y
AU  - Tong PC
AD  - c Qualigenics Diabetes Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong 
      SAR , China ;
FAU - Tsang, Man Wo
AU  - Tsang MW
AD  - d UMP Medical Centre , Hong Kong SAR , China.
FAU - Chan, Tak Mao
AU  - Chan TM
AD  - a Department of Medicine , Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong , 
      Hong Kong SAR , China ;
FAU - Tang, Sydney C W
AU  - Tang SC
AD  - a Department of Medicine , Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong , 
      Hong Kong SAR , China ;
FAU - Lee, Ka Kui
AU  - Lee KK
AD  - a Department of Medicine , Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong , 
      Hong Kong SAR , China ;
FAU - So, Wing Yee
AU  - So WY
AD  - b Department of Medicine and Therapeutics , The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 
      Prince of Wales Hospital , Hong Kong SAR, China ;
FAU - Tomlinson, Brian
AU  - Tomlinson B
AD  - b Department of Medicine and Therapeutics , The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 
      Prince of Wales Hospital , Hong Kong SAR, China ;
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20160404
PL  - England
TA  - Curr Med Res Opin
JT  - Current medical research and opinion
JID - 0351014
RN  - 0 (Hypoglycemic Agents)
RN  - 0 (Insulin)
RN  - 0 (Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2)
RN  - 0 (Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors)
RN  - 0 (Sulfonylurea Compounds)
RN  - 9100L32L2N (Metformin)
RN  - IY9XDZ35W2 (Glucose)
SB  - IM
MH  - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/*complications/*drug therapy
MH  - Glucose/metabolism
MH  - Humans
MH  - Hyperglycemia/*drug therapy/etiology
MH  - Hypoglycemic Agents/*therapeutic use
MH  - Insulin/therapeutic use
MH  - Metformin/therapeutic use
MH  - Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2/*therapeutic use
MH  - *Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors
MH  - Sulfonylurea Compounds/therapeutic use
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Anti-diabetic agents
OT  - Anti-hypertensive
OT  - Insulin-independent
OT  - Sodium-glucose co-transporter type 2 inhibitors
OT  - Type 2 diabetes mellitus
OT  - Weight loss
EDAT- 2016/03/05 06:00
MHDA- 2017/09/13 06:00
CRDT- 2016/03/03 06:00
PHST- 2016/03/03 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2016/03/05 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2017/09/13 06:00 [medline]
AID - 10.1185/03007995.2016.1161608 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Curr Med Res Opin. 2016 Jun;32(6):1097-108. doi: 10.1185/03007995.2016.1161608. 
      Epub 2016 Apr 4.