PMID- 26934053
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20160718
LR  - 20231213
IS  - 1932-6203 (Electronic)
IS  - 1932-6203 (Linking)
VI  - 11
IP  - 3
DP  - 2016
TI  - A Health Threat to Bystanders Living in the Homes of Smokers: How Smoke Toxins 
      Deposited on Surfaces Can Cause Insulin Resistance.
PG  - e0149510
LID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0149510 [doi]
LID - e0149510
AB  - Thirdhand smoke (THS) is the accumulation of secondhand smoke on environmental 
      surfaces. THS is found on the clothing and hair of smokers as well as on surfaces 
      in homes and cars of smokers. Exposure occurs by ingestion, inhalation and dermal 
      absorption. Children living in homes of smokers are at highest risk because they 
      crawl on the floor, touch parents' clothing/hair and household objects. Using 
      mice exposed to THS under conditions that mimic exposure of humans, we show that 
      THS increases cellular oxidative stress by increasing superoxide dismutase (SOD) 
      activity and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels while reducing the activity of 
      antioxidant enzymes catalase and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) that break down 
      H2O2 into H2O and O2. This results in lipid peroxidation, protein nitrosylation 
      and DNA damage. Consequences of these cell and molecular changes are 
      hyperglycemia and insulinemia. Indeed, we found reduced levels of insulin 
      receptor, PI3K, AKT, all important molecules in insulin signaling and glucose 
      uptake by cells. To determine whether these effects on THS-induced insulin 
      resistance are due to increase in oxidative stress, we treated mice exposed to 
      THS with the antioxidants N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) and alpha-tocopherol 
      (alpha-toc) and showed that the oxidative stress, the molecular damage, and the 
      insulin resistance, were significantly reversed. Conversely, feeding the mice 
      with chow that mimics "western diet", which is known to increase oxidative 
      stress, while exposing the mice to THS, further increased the oxidative stress 
      and aggravated hyperglycemia and insulinemia. In conclusion, THS exposure results 
      in insulin resistance in the form of non-obese type II diabetes (NODII) through 
      oxidative stress. If confirmed in humans, these studies could have a major impact 
      on how people view exposure to environmental tobacco toxins, in particular to 
      children, elderly and workers in environments where tobacco smoke has taken 
      place.
FAU - Adhami, Neema
AU  - Adhami N
AD  - Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, University of California Riverside, 
      Riverside, California, United States of America.
FAU - Starck, Shelley R
AU  - Starck SR
AD  - Department of bioshemistry and Byophysics/ Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 
      Universty of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States 
      of America.
FAU - Flores, Cristina
AU  - Flores C
AD  - Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, University of California Riverside, 
      Riverside, California, United States of America.
FAU - Martins Green, Manuela
AU  - Martins Green M
AD  - Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, University of California Riverside, 
      Riverside, California, United States of America.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20160302
PL  - United States
TA  - PLoS One
JT  - PloS one
JID - 101285081
RN  - 0 (Air Pollutants)
RN  - 0 (Antioxidants)
RN  - 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution)
RN  - BBX060AN9V (Hydrogen Peroxide)
RN  - EC 1.11.1.6 (Catalase)
RN  - EC 1.11.1.9 (Glutathione Peroxidase)
RN  - EC 1.15.1.1 (Superoxide Dismutase)
RN  - EC 2.7.1.- (Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases)
RN  - EC 2.7.11.1 (Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt)
RN  - H4N855PNZ1 (alpha-Tocopherol)
SB  - IM
EIN - PLoS One. 2016;11(4):e0153382. PMID: 27050097
EIN - PLoS One. 2018 Nov 20;13(11):e0208056. PMID: 30458047
ECI - PLoS One. 2023 Aug 3;18(8):e0289810. PMID: 37535546
MH  - Air Pollutants/*adverse effects
MH  - Animals
MH  - Antioxidants/pharmacology
MH  - Catalase/pharmacology
MH  - DNA Damage/drug effects
MH  - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
MH  - Glutathione Peroxidase/metabolism
MH  - Hydrogen Peroxide/metabolism
MH  - Insulin Resistance/*physiology
MH  - Lipid Peroxidation/drug effects
MH  - Mice
MH  - Mice, Inbred C57BL
MH  - Oxidative Stress/drug effects
MH  - Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism
MH  - Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism
MH  - Superoxide Dismutase/metabolism
MH  - Nicotiana/adverse effects
MH  - Tobacco Smoke Pollution/*adverse effects
MH  - alpha-Tocopherol/pharmacology
PMC - PMC4774920
COIS- Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
EDAT- 2016/03/05 06:00
MHDA- 2016/07/19 06:00
PMCR- 2016/03/02
CRDT- 2016/03/03 06:00
PHST- 2015/06/24 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2016/01/31 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2016/03/03 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2016/03/05 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2016/07/19 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2016/03/02 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - PONE-D-15-27616 [pii]
AID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0149510 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - PLoS One. 2016 Mar 2;11(3):e0149510. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149510. 
      eCollection 2016.