PMID- 26950574
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20171006
LR  - 20220321
IS  - 1536-481X (Electronic)
IS  - 1057-0829 (Linking)
VI  - 25
IP  - 7
DP  - 2016 Jul
TI  - Assessment of Depression, Anxiety, and Quality of Life in Singaporean Patients 
      With Glaucoma.
PG  - 605-12
LID - 10.1097/IJG.0000000000000393 [doi]
AB  - PURPOSE: To determine the prevalence and risk factors for anxiety disorder and 
      depression among glaucoma patients in Singapore, and to assess the relationship 
      between quality of life (QOL) and depression/anxiety. METHODS: In this 
      cross-sectional study, glaucoma patients aged 21 and above with a known diagnosis 
      of primary open-angle glaucoma or primary angle-closure glaucoma were recruited 
      from a tertiary care hospital. Patients with other types of glaucoma, and 
      coexisting ocular or psychiatric disorders were excluded.Ophthalmic examination 
      was carried out on all participants, which included best-corrected visual acuity 
      (BCVA), intraocular pressure (IOP), gonioscopy, standard automated perimetry, and 
      optic disc evaluation. Sociodemographic information and treatment histories were 
      also collected.The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D), Hamilton Anxiety 
      Rating Scale (HAM-A), and Visual Function Questionnaire (VFQ25) were administered 
      to evaluate for depression, anxiety, and impact on QOL, respectively. RESULTS: A 
      total of 100 patients were included in this study. The mean age was 67.1+/-12.0 
      years (range, 24 to 90 y). The frequency of depression and anxiety among our 
      patients was 30% and 64%, respectively. The mean HAM-D score was 4.37+/-4.17 
      (range, 0 to 17), whereas the mean HAM-A score was 2.38+/-2.80 (range, 0 to 13). 
      The mean VFQ25 score was 78.8+/-16.0 (range, 42.4 to 97.0). The poorest subscale on 
      the VFQ25 was driving, with a mean score of 42.4+/-42.6 (range, 0.0 to 100.0).We 
      did not find any significant difference between the presence of 
      depression/anxiety between patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (P=0.263) 
      and primary angle-closure glaucoma (P=0.830). Risk factors for depression 
      included: female sex (P=0.020), higher logMAR BCVA in the worse eye (P=0.004), 
      higher cup-disc ratio (P=0.016), lower MD in the better and worse eye (P=0.022 
      and 0.001, respectively), and lower mean VFQ25 score (P<0.001). Risk factors for 
      anxiety included: lower MD in the worse eye (P=0.004) and lower mean VFQ25 score 
      (P=0.004). There was also no significant association between the use of topical 
      beta-blockers/carbonic anhydrase inhibitors with depression (P=0.793) or anxiety 
      (P=0.282). CONCLUSIONS: There is a relatively high prevalence of depression (30%) 
      and anxiety disorders (64%) among glaucoma patients in Singapore. Female glaucoma 
      patients are more likely to suffer from depression. Other risk factors for 
      depression include higher cup-disc ratio, higher logMAR BCVA, lower MD, and a 
      lower mean VFQ25 score. Risk factors for anxiety disorder include lower MD and 
      lower mean VFQ25 score. Ophthalmologists could consider use of the VFQ25 as an 
      assessment for impairments in QOL in a glaucoma patient. If a glaucoma patient is 
      at high risk of depression or anxiety disorder, a multidisciplinary management 
      approach involving ophthalmology and psychiatry may be required.
FAU - Lim, Nigel C S
AU  - Lim NC
AD  - *Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National 
      University Health System daggerDepartment of Psychological Medicine, Jurong Health, 
      Alexandra Hospital double daggerDepartment of Ophthalmology, National Healthcare Group Eye 
      Institute, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.
FAU - Fan, Chara H J
AU  - Fan CH
FAU - Yong, Michael K H
AU  - Yong MK
FAU - Wong, Elizabeth P Y
AU  - Wong EP
FAU - Yip, Leonard W Y
AU  - Yip LW
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - J Glaucoma
JT  - Journal of glaucoma
JID - 9300903
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Aged
MH  - Aged, 80 and over
MH  - Anxiety Disorders/*epidemiology/psychology
MH  - Cross-Sectional Studies
MH  - Depressive Disorder/*epidemiology/psychology
MH  - Female
MH  - Glaucoma, Angle-Closure/diagnosis/*epidemiology/psychology
MH  - Glaucoma, Open-Angle/diagnosis/*epidemiology/psychology
MH  - Gonioscopy
MH  - Humans
MH  - Intraocular Pressure/physiology
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Prevalence
MH  - Psychiatric Status Rating Scales
MH  - Quality of Life/*psychology
MH  - Risk Factors
MH  - Singapore/epidemiology
MH  - Surveys and Questionnaires
MH  - Tonometry, Ocular
MH  - Visual Acuity/physiology
MH  - Young Adult
EDAT- 2016/03/08 06:00
MHDA- 2017/10/07 06:00
CRDT- 2016/03/08 06:00
PHST- 2016/03/08 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2016/03/08 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2017/10/07 06:00 [medline]
AID - 10.1097/IJG.0000000000000393 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Glaucoma. 2016 Jul;25(7):605-12. doi: 10.1097/IJG.0000000000000393.