PMID- 26959417
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20160803
LR  - 20181113
IS  - 1932-6203 (Electronic)
IS  - 1932-6203 (Linking)
VI  - 11
IP  - 3
DP  - 2016
TI  - Serum Removal from Culture Induces Growth Arrest, Ploidy Alteration, Decrease in 
      Infectivity and Differential Expression of Crucial Genes in Leishmania infantum 
      Promastigotes.
PG  - e0150172
LID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0150172 [doi]
LID - e0150172
AB  - Leishmania infantum is one of the species responsible for visceral leishmaniasis. 
      This species is distributed basically in the Mediterranean basin. A recent 
      outbreak in humans has been reported in Spain. Axenic cultures are performed for 
      most procedures with Leishmania spp. promastigotes. This model is stable and 
      reproducible and mimics the conditions of the gut of the sand fly host, which is 
      the natural environment of promastigote development. Culture media are undefined 
      because they contain mammalian serum, which is a rich source of complex lipids 
      and proteins. Serum deprivation slows down the growth kinetics and therefore, 
      yield in biomass. In fact, we have confirmed that the growth rate decreases, as 
      well as infectivity. Ploidy is also affected. Regarding the transcriptome, a 
      high-throughput approach has revealed a low differential expression rate but 
      important differentially regulated genes. The most remarkable profiles are: 
      up-regulation of the GINS Psf3, the fatty acyl-CoA synthase (FAS1), the 
      glyoxylase I (GLO1), the hydrophilic surface protein B (HASPB), the 
      methylmalonyl-CoA epimerase (MMCE) and an amastin gene; and down-regulation of 
      the gPEPCK and the arginase. Implications for metabolic adaptations, 
      differentiation and infectivity are discussed herein.
FAU - Alcolea, Pedro J
AU  - Alcolea PJ
AD  - Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biology of Infections, Centro de 
      Investigaciones Biologicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas 
      (CIB-CSIC), Madrid. Spain.
FAU - Alonso, Ana
AU  - Alonso A
AD  - Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biology of Infections, Centro de 
      Investigaciones Biologicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas 
      (CIB-CSIC), Madrid. Spain.
FAU - Moreno-Izquierdo, Miguel A
AU  - Moreno-Izquierdo MA
AD  - Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biology of Infections, Centro de 
      Investigaciones Biologicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas 
      (CIB-CSIC), Madrid. Spain.
FAU - Degayon, Maria A
AU  - Degayon MA
AD  - Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biology of Infections, Centro de 
      Investigaciones Biologicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas 
      (CIB-CSIC), Madrid. Spain.
FAU - Moreno, Inmaculada
AU  - Moreno I
AD  - Unit of Microbial Immunology, Centro Nacional de Microbiologia, Virologia e 
      Inmunologia Sanitarias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CNM-ISCIII), Majadahonda, 
      Spain.
FAU - Larraga, Vicente
AU  - Larraga V
AD  - Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biology of Infections, Centro de 
      Investigaciones Biologicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas 
      (CIB-CSIC), Madrid. Spain.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20160309
PL  - United States
TA  - PLoS One
JT  - PloS one
JID - 101285081
RN  - 0 (Culture Media, Serum-Free)
RN  - 0 (Protozoan Proteins)
RN  - 0 (RNA, Messenger)
RN  - EC 2.6.1.- (Transaminases)
RN  - EC 2.6.1.42 (branched-chain-amino-acid transaminase)
SB  - IM
MH  - Biocatalysis
MH  - Cell Cycle/genetics
MH  - Culture Media, Serum-Free
MH  - *Gene Expression Profiling
MH  - *Gene Expression Regulation
MH  - *Genes, Protozoan
MH  - Humans
MH  - Kinetics
MH  - Leishmania infantum/cytology/genetics/*growth & development/*pathogenicity
MH  - Life Cycle Stages/*genetics
MH  - Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
MH  - *Ploidies
MH  - Protozoan Proteins/genetics/metabolism
MH  - RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Transaminases/metabolism
MH  - U937 Cells
MH  - Up-Regulation/genetics
PMC - PMC4784933
COIS- Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
EDAT- 2016/03/10 06:00
MHDA- 2016/08/04 06:00
PMCR- 2016/03/09
CRDT- 2016/03/10 06:00
PHST- 2015/10/06 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2016/02/10 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2016/03/10 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2016/03/10 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2016/08/04 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2016/03/09 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - PONE-D-15-43947 [pii]
AID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0150172 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - PLoS One. 2016 Mar 9;11(3):e0150172. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150172. 
      eCollection 2016.