PMID- 26960965
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20170103
LR  - 20220410
IS  - 1365-2710 (Electronic)
IS  - 0269-4727 (Linking)
VI  - 41
IP  - 2
DP  - 2016 Apr
TI  - Metformin prescription patterns among US adolescents aged 10-19 years: 2009-2013.
PG  - 229-36
LID - 10.1111/jcpt.12379 [doi]
AB  - WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE: Metformin is the only oral antihyperglycemic agent 
      approved for use in adolescents with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). There are 
      reports of metformin used to treat conditions such as obesity, hyperinsulinemia, 
      prediabetes, metabolic syndrome and polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). It is 
      important to understand metformin prescription patterns and underlying diagnoses 
      in adolescents as it can provide estimates of the extent of on-label (i.e. 
      treatment of T2DM) and off-label use of metformin in this population. Our study 
      sought to assess metformin prescription patterns among US adolescents from 2009 
      to 2013. METHODS: Data from the National Disease and Therapeutic Index (NDTI) 
      database, the MarketScan((R)) Commercial Claims and Encounters database and the 
      Multi-State Medicaid database were analysed. The proportion of diagnoses 
      associated with metformin that was recommended during a clinical visit was 
      identified in the NDTI database. In the MarketScan((R)) Commercial and Medicaid 
      databases, adolescents with at least one metformin prescription with +/-6 months 
      continuous enrolment from the date of the index metformin prescription were 
      included in the analyses. All diagnosis and procedure codes were extracted within 
      +/-6 months of the index metformin prescription. The proportion of T2DM was 
      calculated irrespective of any other medical conditions, whereas all other 
      prespecified conditions were classified as positive only if no concurrent T2DM 
      diagnosis codes were present. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: In the NDTI database, the 
      most common diagnoses associated with metformin use were diabetes (34.9%), 
      followed by metabolic syndrome (20.9%), PCOS (17.2%) and obesity (6.5%). In the 
      MarketScan((R)) Commercial database, T2DM was the most common diagnosis among girls 
      aged 10-14 years (22.8-23.6%), boys aged 10-14 years (20.5-24.5%) and boys aged 
      15-19 years (37.1-43.1%), whereas PCOS (24.1-28.3%) was the most common diagnosis 
      among girls aged 15-19 years. In the Medicaid database, T2DM was the most common 
      diagnosis among all four groups and the proportions were higher than their 
      counterparts in the Commercial database. WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSION: Analyses 
      from three separate US data sources suggest that off-label prescribing of 
      metformin is common among US adolescents aged 10-19 years. To avoid potential 
      overestimation, caution should be exercised when utilizing metformin prescription 
      as a proxy measure to estimate the burden of T2DM in adolescents.
CI  - (c) 2016 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
FAU - Wang, T
AU  - Wang T
AD  - Merck & Co. Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA.
FAU - McNeill, A M
AU  - McNeill AM
AD  - Merck & Co. Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA.
FAU - Chen, Y
AU  - Chen Y
AD  - Merck & Co. Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA.
FAU - Senderak, M
AU  - Senderak M
AD  - Merck & Co. Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA.
FAU - Shankar, R R
AU  - Shankar RR
AD  - Merck & Co. Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20160309
PL  - England
TA  - J Clin Pharm Ther
JT  - Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics
JID - 8704308
RN  - 0 (Hypoglycemic Agents)
RN  - 9100L32L2N (Metformin)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adolescent
MH  - Adult
MH  - Child
MH  - Databases, Factual
MH  - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/*drug therapy
MH  - *Drug Prescriptions
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Hypoglycemic Agents/*therapeutic use
MH  - Male
MH  - Metformin/*therapeutic use
MH  - Off-Label Use
MH  - *Practice Patterns, Physicians'
MH  - United States
MH  - Young Adult
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - adolescents
OT  - metformin
OT  - off-label use
OT  - type 2 diabetes
EDAT- 2016/03/11 06:00
MHDA- 2017/01/04 06:00
CRDT- 2016/03/11 06:00
PHST- 2015/11/09 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2016/02/12 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2016/03/11 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2016/03/11 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2017/01/04 06:00 [medline]
AID - 10.1111/jcpt.12379 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Clin Pharm Ther. 2016 Apr;41(2):229-36. doi: 10.1111/jcpt.12379. Epub 2016 Mar 
      9.