PMID- 26974535
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20171211
LR  - 20171211
IS  - 1542-233X (Electronic)
IS  - 1542-2321 (Linking)
VI  - 43
IP  - 3
DP  - 2017 May
TI  - Association Between Hay Fever and High Myopia in United States Adolescents and 
      Adults.
PG  - 186-191
LID - 10.1097/ICL.0000000000000251 [doi]
AB  - OBJECTIVES: To investigate the relationship between hay fever and refractive 
      error in a representative sample of adolescents and adults in the United States. 
      METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 5,744 participants aged >/=12 years 
      from the 2005 to 2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey who 
      participated in the allergy questionnaire, completed objective refraction and 
      keratometry in both eyes, and had immunoglobulin E (IgE) serology. The primary 
      predictor variable, refractive error, was classified as emmetropia (-0.99 to 
      +0.99 diopters [D]), low myopia (-1.00 to -2.99 D), moderate myopia (-3.00 to 
      -5.99 D), high myopia (>/=-6.00 D), or hyperopia (>/=1.00 D). Covariates included 
      age, gender, race, asthma, eczema, total serum IgE >/=120 kU/L, corneal steepness, 
      and corneal astigmatism. The primary outcome was hay fever. RESULTS: The study 
      population's mean age was 41.7 years; 48.8% of subjects were men and 51.2% were 
      women. The prevalence of hay fever was 12.1% overall. High myopes had 2.7 times 
      higher odds of hay fever compared to emmetropes (OR 2.67, CI, 1.57-4.51, 
      P=0.001), which was independent of demographics, atopic conditions, IgE serology, 
      and keratometry measurements. CONCLUSIONS: The association between hay fever and 
      high myopia identified in this large cross-sectional study remains speculative 
      and was not mediated through corneal steepness or corneal astigmatism. Further 
      prospective studies may help elucidate the directionality of the association 
      between hay fever and high myopia.
FAU - Shafer, Brian M
AU  - Shafer BM
AD  - Temple University School of Medicine (B.M.S.), Philadelphia, PA; Wilmer Eye 
      Institute (M.Q.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Cornea Service 
      (C.J.R.), Wills Eye Hospital, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA; and 
      Ocular Oncology Service (C.L.S.), Wills Eye Hospital, Thomas Jefferson 
      University, Philadelphia, PA.
FAU - Qiu, Mary
AU  - Qiu M
FAU - Rapuano, Christopher J
AU  - Rapuano CJ
FAU - Shields, Carol L
AU  - Shields CL
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Multicenter Study
PL  - United States
TA  - Eye Contact Lens
JT  - Eye & contact lens
JID - 101160941
SB  - IM
MH  - Adolescent
MH  - Adult
MH  - Child
MH  - Cross-Sectional Studies
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Incidence
MH  - Male
MH  - Myopia/epidemiology/*etiology/physiopathology
MH  - Prevalence
MH  - Prospective Studies
MH  - *Refraction, Ocular
MH  - Retrospective Studies
MH  - Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/*complications/epidemiology
MH  - Risk Factors
MH  - Severity of Illness Index
MH  - Surveys and Questionnaires
MH  - United States/epidemiology
MH  - Young Adult
EDAT- 2016/03/15 06:00
MHDA- 2017/12/12 06:00
CRDT- 2016/03/15 06:00
PHST- 2016/03/15 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2017/12/12 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2016/03/15 06:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1097/ICL.0000000000000251 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Eye Contact Lens. 2017 May;43(3):186-191. doi: 10.1097/ICL.0000000000000251.