PMID- 26975054
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20160808
LR  - 20190219
IS  - 1932-6203 (Electronic)
IS  - 1932-6203 (Linking)
VI  - 11
IP  - 3
DP  - 2016
TI  - Economic Burden of Hypoglycemia in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus from 
      Korea.
PG  - e0151282
LID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0151282 [doi]
LID - e0151282
AB  - BACKGROUND: Hypoglycemia is a very serious complication in patients with type 2 
      diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and affects the economic burden of treatment. This study 
      aims to create models of the cost of treating hypoglycemia in patients with T2DM 
      based upon physician estimates of medical resource usage. METHODS: Using a 
      literature review and personal advice from endocrinologists and emergency 
      physicians, we developed several models for managing patients with hypoglycemia. 
      The final model was approved by the consulting experts. We also developed 3 
      unique surveys to allow endocrinologists, emergency room (ER) physicians, and 
      primary care physicians to evaluate the resource usage of patients with 
      hypoglycemia. Medical costs were calculated by multiplying the estimated medical 
      resource usage by the corresponding health insurance medical care costs reported 
      in 2014. RESULTS: In total, 40 endocrinologists, 20 ER physicians, and 30 primary 
      care physicians completed the survey. We identified 12 types of standard medical 
      models for secondary or tertiary hospitals and 4 for primary care clinics based 
      on the use of ER, general ward, or intensive care unit (ICU) and patients' status 
      of consciousness and self-respiration. Estimated medical costs per person per 
      hypoglycemic event ranged from $17.28 to $1,857.09 for secondary and tertiary 
      hospitals. These costs were higher for patients who were unconscious and for 
      those requiring ICU admission. CONCLUSION: Hypoglycemia has a substantial impact 
      on the medical costs and its prevention will result in economic benefits for T2DM 
      patients and society.
FAU - Kim, Gyuri
AU  - Kim G
AD  - Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 
      Republic of Korea.
AD  - Graduate School, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
FAU - Lee, Yong-Ho
AU  - Lee YH
AD  - Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 
      Republic of Korea.
FAU - Han, Mi Hye
AU  - Han MH
AD  - Market Access, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
AD  - Pharmaceutical Policy & Outcomes Research, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan 
      University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
FAU - Lee, Eui-Kyung
AU  - Lee EK
AD  - Pharmaceutical Policy & Outcomes Research, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan 
      University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
FAU - Kim, Chong Hwa
AU  - Kim CH
AD  - Department of Internal Medicine, Sejong General Hospital, Bucheon, Republic of 
      Korea.
FAU - Kwon, Hyuk Sang
AU  - Kwon HS
AD  - Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of 
      Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
FAU - Jeong, In Kyung
AU  - Jeong IK
AD  - Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, 
      Republic of Korea.
FAU - Kang, Eun Seok
AU  - Kang ES
AD  - Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 
      Republic of Korea.
FAU - Kim, Dae Jung
AU  - Kim DJ
AD  - Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ajou University School of Medicine, 
      Suwon, Republic of Korea.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20160314
PL  - United States
TA  - PLoS One
JT  - PloS one
JID - 101285081
SB  - IM
MH  - *Cost of Illness
MH  - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/*complications/*economics/therapy
MH  - Health Care Costs
MH  - Humans
MH  - Hypoglycemia/*complications/*economics/therapy
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Primary Health Care/economics
MH  - Republic of Korea
MH  - Secondary Care Centers
MH  - Tertiary Care Centers/economics
PMC - PMC4790854
COIS- Competing Interests: GK, Y-hL, E-KL, CHK, HSK, IKJ, ESK, DJK have declared that 
      no competing interests exist. MHH is employee of MSD Korea. This does not alter 
      the authors' adherence to PLOS ONE policies in sharing data and materials.
EDAT- 2016/03/15 06:00
MHDA- 2016/08/09 06:00
PMCR- 2016/03/14
CRDT- 2016/03/15 06:00
PHST- 2015/12/02 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2016/02/25 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2016/03/15 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2016/03/15 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2016/08/09 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2016/03/14 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - PONE-D-15-52388 [pii]
AID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0151282 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - PLoS One. 2016 Mar 14;11(3):e0151282. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151282. 
      eCollection 2016.