PMID- 26980438
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20161220
LR  - 20161230
IS  - 1758-1877 (Electronic)
IS  - 1758-1869 (Linking)
VI  - 6
IP  - 2
DP  - 2016 Apr
TI  - Evolution to low-dose NSAID therapy.
PG  - 175-89
LID - 10.2217/pmt.15.69 [doi]
AB  - All NSAIDs are to varying degrees associated with gastrointestinal, 
      cardiovascular and renal adverse effects (AEs). Differences in selectivity for 
      inhibition of the COX isozymes (COX-1/COX-2) have been used as an indicator of 
      the likelihood of experiencing an AE, but the measure of 'selectivity' commonly 
      used is less than desirable, and selectivity has not yielded unequivocal superior 
      safety. Recent guidelines recommend that NSAIDs be used at the lowest effective 
      dose and for the shortest period of time. In response, 'low-dose' NSAID 
      formulations have been developed. Such formulations may help by reducing overall 
      systemic exposure, thereby reducing the frequency or severity of AEs. It seems 
      timely to review the need, rationale and application of such an approach.
FAU - Pergolizzi, Joseph V Jr
AU  - Pergolizzi JV Jr
AD  - Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, 
      MD, USA.
AD  - Department of Pharmacology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, 
      PA, USA.
FAU - Raffa, Robert B
AU  - Raffa RB
AD  - Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Temple University School of Pharmacy, 
      Philadelphia, PA, USA.
FAU - Nalamachu, Srinivas
AU  - Nalamachu S
AD  - International Clinical Research Institute, Overland Park, KS, USA.
FAU - Taylor, Robert Jr
AU  - Taylor R Jr
AD  - NEMA Research, Naples, FL, USA.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PT  - Review
DEP - 20160316
PL  - England
TA  - Pain Manag
JT  - Pain management
JID - 101555934
RN  - 0 (Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal)
RN  - 0 (Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors)
SB  - IM
MH  - Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/*administration & dosage/*adverse 
      effects/metabolism
MH  - Cardiovascular Diseases/chemically induced/prevention & control
MH  - Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors/administration & dosage/adverse effects
MH  - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
MH  - Humans
MH  - Inhibitory Concentration 50
MH  - Pain/*drug therapy
MH  - Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
MH  - Renal Insufficiency/chemically induced/prevention & control
MH  - Risk Factors
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - NSAID
OT  - acute pain
OT  - adverse effects
OT  - chronic pain
EDAT- 2016/03/17 06:00
MHDA- 2016/12/21 06:00
CRDT- 2016/03/17 06:00
PHST- 2016/03/17 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2016/03/17 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2016/12/21 06:00 [medline]
AID - 10.2217/pmt.15.69 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Pain Manag. 2016 Apr;6(2):175-89. doi: 10.2217/pmt.15.69. Epub 2016 Mar 16.