PMID- 26994080
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20170919
LR  - 20201209
IS  - 1098-5336 (Electronic)
IS  - 0099-2240 (Print)
IS  - 0099-2240 (Linking)
VI  - 82
IP  - 11
DP  - 2016 Jun 1
TI  - A Nonautochthonous U.S. Strain of Vibrio parahaemolyticus Isolated from 
      Chesapeake Bay Oysters Caused the Outbreak in Maryland in 2010.
PG  - 3208-3216
LID - 10.1128/AEM.00096-16 [doi]
AB  - In the summer of 2010, Vibrio parahaemolyticus caused an outbreak in Maryland 
      linked to the consumption of oysters. Strains isolated from both stool and oyster 
      samples were indistinguishable by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). 
      However, the oysters contained other potentially pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus 
      strains exhibiting different PFGE patterns. In order to assess the identity, 
      genetic makeup, relatedness, and potential pathogenicity of the V. 
      parahaemolyticus strains, we sequenced 11 such strains (2 clinical strains and 9 
      oyster strains). We analyzed these genomes by in silico multilocus sequence 
      typing (MLST) and determined their phylogeny using a whole-genome MLST (wgMLST) 
      analysis. Our in silico MLST analysis identified six different sequence types 
      (STs) (ST8, ST676, ST810, ST811, ST34, and ST768), with both of the clinical and 
      four of the oyster strains being identified as belonging to ST8. Using wgMLST, we 
      showed that the ST8 strains from clinical and oyster samples were nearly 
      indistinguishable and belonged to the same outbreak, confirming that local 
      oysters were the source of the infections. The remaining oyster strains were 
      genetically diverse, differing in >3,000 loci from the Maryland ST8 strains. 
      eBURST analysis comparing these strains with strains of other STs available at 
      the V. parahaemolyticus MLST website showed that the Maryland ST8 strains 
      belonged to a clonal complex endemic to Asia. This indicates that the ST8 
      isolates from clinical and oyster sources were likely not endemic to Maryland. 
      Finally, this study demonstrates the utility of whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and 
      associated analyses for source-tracking investigations. IMPORTANCE: Vibrio 
      parahaemolyticus is an important foodborne pathogen and the leading cause of 
      bacterial infections in the United States associated with the consumption of 
      seafood. In the summer of 2010, Vibrio parahaemolyticus caused an outbreak in 
      Maryland linked to oyster consumption. Strains isolated from stool and oyster 
      samples were indistinguishable by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). The 
      oysters also contained other potentially pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus strains 
      with different PFGE patterns. Since their identity, genetic makeup, relatedness, 
      and potential pathogenicity were unknown, their genomes were determined by using 
      next-generation sequencing. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) analysis by 
      whole-genome multilocus sequence typing (wgMLST) allowed (i) identification of 
      clinical and oyster strains with matching PFGE profiles as belonging to ST8, (ii) 
      determination of oyster strain diversity, and (iii) identification of the 
      clinical strains as belonging to a clonal complex (CC) described only in Asia. 
      Finally, WGS and associated analyses demonstrated their utility for trace-back 
      investigations.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2016, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.
FAU - Haendiges, Julie
AU  - Haendiges J
AD  - Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
FAU - Jones, Jessica
AU  - Jones J
AD  - Division of Seafood Science and Technology, Gulf Coast Seafood Laboratory, Food 
      and Drug Administration, Dauphin Island, Alabama, USA.
FAU - Myers, Robert A
AU  - Myers RA
AD  - Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
FAU - Mitchell, Clifford S
AU  - Mitchell CS
AD  - Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
FAU - Butler, Erin
AU  - Butler E
AD  - Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
FAU - Toro, Magaly
AU  - Toro M
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-6280-2215
AD  - Instituto de Nutricion y Tecnologia de los Alimentos, Universidad de Chile, 
      Santiago, Chile.
FAU - Gonzalez-Escalona, Narjol
AU  - Gonzalez-Escalona N
AD  - Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, 
      College Park, Maryland, USA narjol.gonzalez-escalona@fda.hhs.gov.
LA  - eng
GR  - U18 FD005630/FD/FDA HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20160516
PL  - United States
TA  - Appl Environ Microbiol
JT  - Applied and environmental microbiology
JID - 7605801
RN  - 0 (DNA, Bacterial)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - DNA, Bacterial/genetics
MH  - *Disease Outbreaks
MH  - Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field
MH  - Genotype
MH  - Humans
MH  - Maryland/epidemiology
MH  - Molecular Epidemiology
MH  - Multilocus Sequence Typing
MH  - Ostreidae/*microbiology
MH  - Phylogeny
MH  - Sequence Analysis, DNA
MH  - Vibrio Infections/*epidemiology
MH  - Vibrio parahaemolyticus/*classification/genetics/*isolation & purification
PMC - PMC4959243
EDAT- 2016/03/20 06:00
MHDA- 2017/09/20 06:00
PMCR- 2016/11/16
CRDT- 2016/03/20 06:00
PHST- 2016/01/29 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2016/03/15 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2016/03/20 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2016/03/20 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2017/09/20 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2016/11/16 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - AEM.00096-16 [pii]
AID - 00096-16 [pii]
AID - 10.1128/AEM.00096-16 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Appl Environ Microbiol. 2016 May 16;82(11):3208-3216. doi: 10.1128/AEM.00096-16. 
      Print 2016 Jun 1.