PMID- 26994438
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20161213
LR  - 20191210
IS  - 1573-2517 (Electronic)
IS  - 0165-0327 (Linking)
VI  - 197
DP  - 2016 Jun
TI  - Associations of temporal and energetic characteristics of behavior with 
      depressive symptoms: A population-based longitudinal study within Strelau's 
      Regulative Theory of Temperament.
PG  - 196-204
LID - S0165-0327(15)30832-6 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.jad.2016.02.056 [doi]
AB  - BACKGROUND: Individual dispositions have previously been associated with 
      increased risk for depressive symptoms. The direction of the association has been 
      found to be sometimes reciprocal. We examined whether temperament traits are 
      associated with depressive symptoms and whether depressive symptoms contribute to 
      changes in temperament. METHODS: Participants (n=674-811) were from a 
      population-based Young Finns Study. Temperament was assessed by a Finnish version 
      of the Formal Characteristics of Behavior - Temperament Inventory. Depressive 
      symptoms were assessed with modified BDI (mBDI) in 1997, 2001, 2007 and 2012, and 
      BDI-II in 2012. RESULTS: Higher perseveration and emotional reactivity were 
      associated with higher level of depressive symptoms, and higher endurance was 
      associated with lower level of depressive symptoms in 2007 and 2012. These 
      associations were independent of several potential confounders and baseline 
      depressive symptoms. The results of cross-lagged structural equation modeling 
      showed that the associations between temperament and depressive symptoms were 
      reciprocal: briskness, endurance and activity decreased the risk for depressive 
      symptoms while depressive symptoms decreased the level of these characteristics. 
      Perseveration, emotional reactivity and depressive symptoms reinforced each other 
      over time. LIMITATIONS: The depressive symptoms scales we used are not meant for 
      measuring clinically diagnosed depression. The relationships between temperament 
      traits and depressive symptoms were not strong enough to provide a clinical basis 
      for guiding treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Lower perseveration, lower emotional 
      reactivity and higher endurance seem to be health protective temperament 
      characteristics that reduce the risk for depressive symptoms. The reciprocal 
      associations between temperament and depressive symptoms imply mutual health 
      protective and health declining effects. Clinical relevance of the study is that 
      enhancing positive loops and self-concept, and supporting individual stress 
      management might be helpful in prevention of depressive symptoms.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
FAU - Hintsa, T
AU  - Hintsa T
AD  - University of Helsinki, Institute of Behavioural Sciences, P.O. Box 9, FIN-00014 
      Helsinki, Finland. Electronic address: taina.hintsa@helsinki.fi.
FAU - Wesolowska, K
AU  - Wesolowska K
AD  - University of Helsinki, Institute of Behavioural Sciences, P.O. Box 9, FIN-00014 
      Helsinki, Finland.
FAU - Elovainio, M
AU  - Elovainio M
AD  - University of Helsinki, Institute of Behavioural Sciences, P.O. Box 9, FIN-00014 
      Helsinki, Finland; The National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, 
      Finland.
FAU - Strelau, J
AU  - Strelau J
AD  - University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Faculty of Psychology, Poland.
FAU - Pulkki-Raback, L
AU  - Pulkki-Raback L
AD  - University of Helsinki, Institute of Behavioural Sciences, P.O. Box 9, FIN-00014 
      Helsinki, Finland; Collegium for Advances Studies, University of Helsinki, 
      Finland.
FAU - Keltikangas-Jarvinen, L
AU  - Keltikangas-Jarvinen L
AD  - University of Helsinki, Institute of Behavioural Sciences, P.O. Box 9, FIN-00014 
      Helsinki, Finland.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20160310
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - J Affect Disord
JT  - Journal of affective disorders
JID - 7906073
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic
MH  - Depression/prevention & control/*psychology
MH  - Emotions
MH  - Female
MH  - Finland
MH  - Humans
MH  - Longitudinal Studies
MH  - Male
MH  - Personality Inventory
MH  - Self Concept
MH  - Stress, Psychological/therapy
MH  - *Temperament
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Cross-lagged modeling
OT  - Mental disorders
OT  - Prospective study
OT  - Regulative theory of temperament, temperament
EDAT- 2016/03/20 06:00
MHDA- 2016/12/15 06:00
CRDT- 2016/03/20 06:00
PHST- 2015/08/25 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2016/02/03 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2016/02/26 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2016/03/20 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2016/03/20 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2016/12/15 06:00 [medline]
AID - S0165-0327(15)30832-6 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.jad.2016.02.056 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Affect Disord. 2016 Jun;197:196-204. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2016.02.056. Epub 2016 
      Mar 10.