PMID- 26996832
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20170619
LR  - 20231213
IS  - 1364-3703 (Electronic)
IS  - 1464-6722 (Print)
IS  - 1364-3703 (Linking)
VI  - 18
IP  - 3
DP  - 2017 Apr
TI  - Rhamnose synthase activity is required for pathogenicity of the vascular wilt 
      fungus Verticillium dahliae.
PG  - 347-362
LID - 10.1111/mpp.12401 [doi]
AB  - The initial interaction of a pathogenic fungus with its host is complex and 
      involves numerous metabolic pathways and regulatory proteins. Considerable 
      attention has been devoted to proteins that play a crucial role in these 
      interactions, with an emphasis on so-called effector molecules that are secreted 
      by the invading microbe to establish the symbiosis. However, the contribution of 
      other types of molecules, such as glycans, is less well appreciated. Here, we 
      present a random genetic screen that enabled us to identify 58 novel candidate 
      genes that are involved in the pathogenic potential of the fungal pathogen 
      Verticillium dahliae, which causes vascular wilt diseases in over 200 
      dicotyledonous plant species, including economically important crops. One of the 
      candidate genes that was identified concerns a putative biosynthetic gene 
      involved in nucleotide sugar precursor formation, as it encodes a putative 
      nucleotide-rhamnose synthase/epimerase-reductase (NRS/ER). This enzyme has 
      homology to bacterial enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of the nucleotide 
      sugar deoxy-thymidine diphosphate (dTDP)-rhamnose, a precursor of L-rhamnose, 
      which has been shown to be required for virulence in several human pathogenic 
      bacteria. Rhamnose is known to be a minor cell wall glycan in fungi and has 
      therefore not been suspected as a crucial molecule in fungal-host interactions. 
      Nevertheless, our study shows that deletion of the VdNRS/ER gene from the V. 
      dahliae genome results in complete loss of pathogenicity on tomato and Nicotiana 
      benthamiana plants, whereas vegetative growth and sporulation are not affected. 
      We demonstrate that VdNRS/ER is a functional enzyme in the biosynthesis of 
      uridine diphosphate (UDP)-rhamnose, and further analysis has revealed that 
      VdNRS/ER deletion strains are impaired in the colonization of tomato roots. 
      Collectively, our results demonstrate that rhamnose, although only a minor cell 
      wall component, is essential for the pathogenicity of V. dahliae.
CI  - (c) 2016 BSPP AND JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD.
FAU - Santhanam, Parthasarathy
AU  - Santhanam P
AD  - Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708, 
      PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
FAU - Boshoven, Jordi C
AU  - Boshoven JC
AD  - Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708, 
      PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
FAU - Salas, Omar
AU  - Salas O
AD  - Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, 
      USA.
FAU - Bowler, Kyle
AU  - Bowler K
AD  - Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, 
      USA.
FAU - Islam, Md Tohidul
AU  - Islam MT
AD  - Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708, 
      PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
FAU - Saber, Mojtaba Keykha
AU  - Saber MK
AD  - Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708, 
      PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
FAU - van den Berg, Grardy C M
AU  - van den Berg GC
AD  - Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708, 
      PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
FAU - Bar-Peled, Maor
AU  - Bar-Peled M
AD  - Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, 
      USA.
FAU - Thomma, Bart P H J
AU  - Thomma BP
AD  - Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708, 
      PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20160610
PL  - England
TA  - Mol Plant Pathol
JT  - Molecular plant pathology
JID - 100954969
RN  - 0 (DNA, Bacterial)
RN  - 0 (DNA, Intergenic)
RN  - 0 (Fungal Proteins)
RN  - 0 (T-DNA)
RN  - 58-98-0 (Uridine Diphosphate)
RN  - EC 5.1.3.- (Carbohydrate Epimerases)
RN  - QN34XC755A (Rhamnose)
SB  - IM
MH  - Carbohydrate Epimerases/*metabolism
MH  - Cell Wall/metabolism
MH  - DNA, Bacterial/genetics
MH  - DNA, Intergenic/genetics
MH  - Fungal Proteins/*metabolism
MH  - Gene Deletion
MH  - Host-Pathogen Interactions/genetics
MH  - Solanum lycopersicum/microbiology
MH  - Mutagenesis, Insertional/genetics
MH  - Plant Diseases/*microbiology
MH  - Plant Roots/microbiology
MH  - Plant Vascular Bundle/*microbiology
MH  - Rhamnose/metabolism
MH  - Spores, Fungal/physiology
MH  - Nicotiana/microbiology
MH  - Transformation, Genetic
MH  - Uridine Diphosphate/metabolism
MH  - Verticillium/*enzymology/genetics/*pathogenicity
MH  - Virulence
PMC - PMC6638212
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation (ATMT)
OT  - UDP-rhamnose
OT  - attachment
OT  - carbohydrate
OT  - root colonization
OT  - tomato
OT  - vascular wilt
EDAT- 2016/03/22 06:00
MHDA- 2017/06/20 06:00
PMCR- 2016/06/10
CRDT- 2016/03/22 06:00
PHST- 2016/02/11 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2016/03/17 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2016/03/17 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2016/03/22 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2017/06/20 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2016/03/22 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2016/06/10 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - MPP12401 [pii]
AID - 10.1111/mpp.12401 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Mol Plant Pathol. 2017 Apr;18(3):347-362. doi: 10.1111/mpp.12401. Epub 2016 Jun 
      10.