PMID- 26997390
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20160629
LR  - 20160321
IS  - 1319-2442 (Print)
IS  - 1319-2442 (Linking)
VI  - 27
IP  - 2
DP  - 2016 Mar
TI  - Prevalence and determinants of microalbuminurea among type 2 diabetes mellitus 
      patients, Baghdad, Iraq, 2013.
PG  - 348-55
LID - 10.4103/1319-2442.178561 [doi]
AB  - Microalbuminuria (MAU) is an early marker of diabetic nephropathy (DN), which 
      accounts for a significant reduction in life expectancy of diabetic patients. The 
      progression of DN from the appearance of clinical proteinuria to end stage renal 
      failure is usually irreversible. Increased levels of urinary albumin secretion 
      may represent a more generalized vascular damage. This is the first study 
      conducted in Iraq to determine the prevalence and potential risk factors of MAU 
      among Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. A cross-sectional study was 
      conducted on a systematic random sample of 224 eligible T2DM patients aged 25-64 
      years attending a DM clinic in Baghdad. A questionnaire was developed to gather 
      basic and clinical data, besides anthropometric measurements, and laboratory 
      assessment of lipid profile, HbA1c, serum creatinine, albumin, and 
      microalbumin/creatinin in urine. MAU was defined as albumin/creatinine ratio 
      30-300 mg/g on two occasions. Only 36 cases (16.1%) had MAU. A statistical 
      significant association found between MAU and educational level (P = 0.009), 
      family history of hypertension (P = 0.024) and DN (P = 0.013), history of 
      hypertension (P = 0.001), duration of angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor 
      drug intake in hypertensive patients (P = 0.001), body mass index (BMI) (P = 
      0.014), and waist to hip ratio (P = 0.006). Logistic regression analyses revealed 
      two independent risk factors influencing MAU: diastolic blood pressure [odds 
      ratio (OR) = 1.08, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.007-1.118] and BMI (OR = 1.17, 
      95% CI: 1.037-1.220). The prevalence of MAU is not low among DM patients. 
      Mandatory screening of all DM patients and amelioration of the assigned 
      significant risk factors are recommended.
FAU - Ali, Ali Abdalkader
AU  - Ali AA
AD  - NCD Department, Directorate of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Baghdad, Iraq.
FAU - Al Lami, Faris Hassan
AU  - Al Lami FH
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - Saudi Arabia
TA  - Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl
JT  - Saudi journal of kidney diseases and transplantation : an official publication of 
      the Saudi Center for Organ Transplantation, Saudi Arabia
JID - 9436968
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Albuminuria/diagnosis/*epidemiology/urine
MH  - Blood Pressure
MH  - Body Mass Index
MH  - Comorbidity
MH  - Cross-Sectional Studies
MH  - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/diagnosis/*epidemiology/urine
MH  - Diabetic Nephropathies/diagnosis/*epidemiology/urine
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Hypertension/epidemiology/physiopathology
MH  - Iraq/epidemiology
MH  - Logistic Models
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Obesity/epidemiology/physiopathology
MH  - Odds Ratio
MH  - Prevalence
MH  - Risk Factors
MH  - Urinalysis
EDAT- 2016/03/22 06:00
MHDA- 2016/06/30 06:00
CRDT- 2016/03/22 06:00
PHST- 2016/03/22 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2016/03/22 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2016/06/30 06:00 [medline]
AID - SaudiJKidneyDisTranspl_2016_27_2_348_178561 [pii]
AID - 10.4103/1319-2442.178561 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl. 2016 Mar;27(2):348-55. doi: 10.4103/1319-2442.178561.