PMID- 27003451
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20161213
LR  - 20181202
IS  - 1533-4287 (Electronic)
IS  - 1064-8011 (Linking)
VI  - 30
IP  - 4
DP  - 2016 Apr
TI  - The Effects of Attentional Focusing Instructions on Force Production During the 
      Isometric Midthigh Pull.
PG  - 919-23
LID - 10.1519/JSC.0000000000001194 [doi]
AB  - Verbal instructions play a key role in motor learning and performance. Whereas 
      directing one's attention toward bodily movements or muscles (internal focus) 
      tends to hinder performance, instructing persons to focus on the movement 
      outcome, or an external object related to the performed task (external focus) 
      enhances performance. The study's purpose was to examine whether focus of 
      attention affects maximal force production during an isometric midthigh pull 
      (IMTP) among 18 trained athletes (8F & 10M). Athletes performed 3 IMTP trials a 
      day for 3 consecutive days. The first day was a familiarization session in which 
      athlete's received only control instructions. The following 2 days athletes 
      received either control, internal, or external focus of attention instructions in 
      a randomized, within-subject design. Compared to performance with an internal 
      focus of attention, athletes applied 9% greater force when using an external 
      focus of attention (p < 0.001, effect size [ES] = 0.33) and 5% greater force with 
      control instructions (p = 0.001, ES = 0.28). A small positive 3% advantage was 
      observed between performances with an external focus of attention compared with 
      control instructions (p = 0.03, ES = 0.13). Focusing internally on body parts 
      and/or muscle groups during a movement task that requires maximal force hinders 
      performance, whereas focusing on an object external to the self leads to enhanced 
      force production, even when using a simple multijoint static task such as the 
      IMTP.
FAU - Halperin, Israel
AU  - Halperin I
AD  - 1Physiology Discipline, Australian Institute of Sport, Leverrier Crescent, Bruce, 
      Australia;2Centre for Exercise and Sport Science Research, School of Exercise & 
      Health Science, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia; and3Strength and 
      Conditioning, Australian Institute of Sport, Leverrier Crescent, Bruce, 
      Australia.
FAU - Williams, Kym J
AU  - Williams KJ
FAU - Martin, David T
AU  - Martin DT
FAU - Chapman, Dale W
AU  - Chapman DW
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - J Strength Cond Res
JT  - Journal of strength and conditioning research
JID - 9415084
SB  - IM
MH  - Adolescent
MH  - Adult
MH  - *Attention
MH  - Exercise Test/methods
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - *Isometric Contraction
MH  - Male
MH  - Movement
MH  - *Muscle Strength
MH  - Random Allocation
MH  - Single-Blind Method
MH  - Young Adult
EDAT- 2016/03/24 06:00
MHDA- 2016/12/15 06:00
CRDT- 2016/03/23 06:00
PHST- 2016/03/23 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2016/03/24 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2016/12/15 06:00 [medline]
AID - 00124278-201604000-00004 [pii]
AID - 10.1519/JSC.0000000000001194 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Strength Cond Res. 2016 Apr;30(4):919-23. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000001194.