PMID- 27003590
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20180212
LR  - 20180302
IS  - 1530-0374 (Electronic)
IS  - 1072-3714 (Linking)
VI  - 23
IP  - 5
DP  - 2016 May
TI  - Examining the relationship between hormone therapy and dry-eye syndrome in 
      postmenopausal women: a cross-sectional comparison study.
PG  - 550-5
LID - 10.1097/GME.0000000000000570 [doi]
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between hormone therapy (HT) and dry-eye 
      syndrome (DES) in postmenopausal women. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was 
      performed on 360 postmenopausal women. They were grouped into two groups. Group 1 
      was the control group (n = 189) without DES symptoms and which did not receive 
      HT. Group 2 (n = 177) consisted of women with DES symptoms. Group 2 was randomly 
      grouped into two further categories-group 2A (n = 90) that received estrogen-only 
      HT, and group 2B (n = 87) in which participants were treated with a combination 
      of estrogen and progesterone HT. The severity of symptom levels was determined 
      using the Ocular Surface Disease Index levels that identify the extent of the 
      relationship between the sex hormones and DES. A further comparison of the 
      severity of symptoms among women using HT and those not using HT was used to 
      establish the relationship between HT and DES in postmenopausal women. RESULTS: 
      There was a significant variation in the severity levels of DES across women not 
      using HT and those who were using HT (group 2A and 2B) (F[2, 357] = 974.186, 
      P < 0.0001). Also, there was a significant variation in the severity levels of 
      DES based on dosage levels (<1 and >1 mg/d) across women using HT (group 2A and 
      2B) (F[2, 357] = 302.513, P < 0.0001). Finally, there was a significant variation 
      in the severity levels of DES based on duration levels 12, 36, and 48 months 
      across women using HT (group 2A and 2B) (F[3, 356] = 218.266, P < 0.0001). 
      CONCLUSIONS: The current study findings have negated the previous assumption that 
      HT use contributes to a reduction in DES among postmenopausal women. Instead, 
      prolonged HT use seems to increase the risk of DES.
FAU - AlAwlaqi, Ahmed
AU  - AlAwlaqi A
AD  - Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Saarland, Homburg/Saar, 
      Germany.
FAU - Hammadeh, Mohamed
AU  - Hammadeh M
LA  - eng
PT  - Comparative Study
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Menopause
JT  - Menopause (New York, N.Y.)
JID - 9433353
RN  - 0 (Estrogens)
RN  - 4G7DS2Q64Y (Progesterone)
SB  - IM
MH  - Cross-Sectional Studies
MH  - Drug Therapy, Combination
MH  - Dry Eye Syndromes/*chemically induced
MH  - Estrogen Replacement Therapy/*adverse effects
MH  - Estrogens/administration & dosage/*adverse effects
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Postmenopause/*drug effects
MH  - Progesterone/administration & dosage/*adverse effects
MH  - Risk Factors
EDAT- 2016/03/24 06:00
MHDA- 2018/02/13 06:00
CRDT- 2016/03/23 06:00
PHST- 2016/03/23 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2016/03/24 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2018/02/13 06:00 [medline]
AID - 10.1097/GME.0000000000000570 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Menopause. 2016 May;23(5):550-5. doi: 10.1097/GME.0000000000000570.