PMID- 27068907
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20190114
LR  - 20220330
IS  - 1614-7499 (Electronic)
IS  - 0944-1344 (Linking)
VI  - 25
IP  - 32
DP  - 2018 Nov
TI  - Inventory and substance flow analysis of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in the 
      Nigerian transport sector-end-of-life vehicles policy and management.
PG  - 31805-31818
LID - 10.1007/s11356-016-6574-8 [doi]
AB  - Recently, certain polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) have been listed as 
      persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the Stockholm Convention. In this study, 
      a preliminary material and substance flow analysis of commercial 
      pentabromodiphenyl ether (c-PentaBDE) was conducted for motor vehicles-a major 
      use sector for POP-PBDE in polyurethane (PUR) foam-for Nigeria. The methodology 
      of the Stockholm Convention PBDE inventory guidance was used for the calculation 
      of c-PentaBDE. Material/substance flow analysis was conducted applying the STAN 
      software. The time frame for this analysis was 1980-2010, considering that this 
      was the period when POP-PBDE-containing vehicles were largely imported into 
      Nigeria.It is estimated that the approximately 19 million passenger cars imported 
      from 1980 to 2010 contained ca. 270 t of POP-PBDEs in ca. 401,000 t of PUR foam. 
      A major share of cars from the USA and only a small share of cars from Europe and 
      Asia were impacted. This simplified material and substance flow of PUR foams and 
      POP-PBDEs in motor vehicles demonstrated the potential for environmental/human 
      contamination and pollution of recycling/reuse for Nigeria and other developing 
      countries.The study developed the first preliminary inventory of end-of-life 
      vehicles for Nigeria, following which the environment ministry has taken up the 
      important issue of end-of-life vehicles management. Considering that a range of 
      other pollutants are contained in vehicles (e.g. heavy metals, flame retardants, 
      PCBs, chlorofluorocarbons, hydrofluorocarbons and waste oil), this initiated 
      activity should finally lead to an integrated management of pollutants and 
      resources from the transport sector.
FAU - Babayemi, J O
AU  - Babayemi JO
AD  - Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, 
      Nigeria.
FAU - Osibanjo, O
AU  - Osibanjo O
AD  - Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, 
      Nigeria.
AD  - Basel Convention Coordinating Centre for Training and Technology Transfer for the 
      African Region, University of Ibadan, 1 Ijoma Road, Ibadan, Nigeria.
FAU - Sindiku, O
AU  - Sindiku O
AD  - Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, 
      Nigeria.
FAU - Weber, R
AU  - Weber R
AD  - POPs Environmental Consulting, Lindenfirststr. 23, 73527, Schwaebisch Gmuend, 
      Germany. roland.weber10@web.de.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20160411
PL  - Germany
TA  - Environ Sci Pollut Res Int
JT  - Environmental science and pollution research international
JID - 9441769
RN  - 0 (Flame Retardants)
RN  - 0 (Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers)
RN  - 0 (Metals, Heavy)
RN  - DFC2HB4I0K (Polychlorinated Biphenyls)
SB  - IM
MH  - Asia
MH  - Environmental Monitoring/methods
MH  - Environmental Pollution
MH  - Europe
MH  - Flame Retardants/analysis
MH  - Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers/*analysis
MH  - Humans
MH  - Metals, Heavy/analysis
MH  - Motor Vehicles/*statistics & numerical data
MH  - Nigeria
MH  - Polychlorinated Biphenyls/analysis
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - F-gases
OT  - Nigeria
OT  - PBDEs
OT  - POPs
OT  - Stockholm Convention
OT  - material/substance flow analysis
OT  - polyurethane foam
OT  - transport sector
EDAT- 2016/04/14 06:00
MHDA- 2019/01/15 06:00
CRDT- 2016/04/13 06:00
PHST- 2016/01/02 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2016/03/27 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2016/04/14 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2019/01/15 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2016/04/13 06:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1007/s11356-016-6574-8 [pii]
AID - 10.1007/s11356-016-6574-8 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2018 Nov;25(32):31805-31818. doi: 
      10.1007/s11356-016-6574-8. Epub 2016 Apr 11.