PMID- 27083989
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20170608
LR  - 20220310
IS  - 2212-2672 (Print)
IS  - 2212-2672 (Linking)
VI  - 116
IP  - 9
DP  - 2016 Sep
TI  - Prevalence, Adverse Events, and Factors Associated with Dietary Supplement and 
      Nutritional Supplement Use by US Navy and Marine Corps Personnel.
PG  - 1423-1442
LID - S2212-2672(16)00199-4 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.jand.2016.02.015 [doi]
AB  - BACKGROUND: About 50% of Americans and 60% to 70% of US military personnel use 
      dietary supplements, some of which have been associated with adverse events 
      (AEs). Nutritional supplements like sport drinks and sport bars/gels are also 
      commonly used by athletes and service members. Previous dietary supplement and 
      nutritional supplement surveys were conducted on Army, Air Force, and Coast Guard 
      personnel. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate 
      dietary and nutritional supplement use in Navy and Marine Corps personnel, 
      including the prevalence, types, factors associated with use, and AEs. DESIGN: A 
      random sample of 10,000 Navy and Marine Corps personnel were contacted. Service 
      members were asked to complete a detailed questionnaire describing their personal 
      characteristics, supplement use, and AEs experienced. RESULTS: In total, 1,708 
      service members completed the questionnaire during August through December 2014, 
      with 1,683 used for analysis. Overall, 73% reported using dietary supplements one 
      or more times per week. The most commonly used dietary supplements (used one or 
      more times per week) were multivitamins/multiminerals (48%), protein/amino acids 
      (34%), combination products (33%), and individual vitamins and minerals (29%). 
      About 31% of service members reported using five or more dietary supplements. 
      Sport drinks and sport bars/gels were used by 45% and 23% of service members, 
      respectively. Monthly expenditures on dietary supplements averaged $39; 31% of 
      service members spent >/=$50/mo. Multivariate logistic regression modeling 
      indicated that female sex (women/men; odds ratio [OR]=1.76, 95% CI 1.32 to 2.36), 
      higher educational level (college degree/no college degree; OR=2.23, 95% CI 1.62 
      to 3.30), higher body mass index (calculated as kg/m(2)) (>/=30/<25; OR=1.67, 95% 
      CI 1.06 to 2.63), and a greater amount of resistance training (>/=271/0 to 45 
      min/week; OR=2.85, 95% CI 1.94 to 4.17) were associated with dietary supplement 
      use. Twenty-two percent of dietary supplement users and 6% of nutritional 
      supplement users reported one or more AEs. For combination products alone, 29% of 
      users reported one or more AEs. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of dietary supplement 
      use in Navy and Marine Corps personnel was considerably higher than reported in 
      civilian investigations for almost all types of dietary supplements, although 
      similar to most other military services. Factors associated with dietary 
      supplement use were similar to those reported in previous military and civilian 
      investigations. Prevalence of self-reported AEs was very high, especially for 
      combination products.
CI  - Published by Elsevier Inc.
FAU - Knapik, Joseph J
AU  - Knapik JJ
FAU - Trone, Daniel W
AU  - Trone DW
FAU - Austin, Krista G
AU  - Austin KG
FAU - Steelman, Ryan A
AU  - Steelman RA
FAU - Farina, Emily K
AU  - Farina EK
FAU - Lieberman, Harris R
AU  - Lieberman HR
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20160412
PL  - United States
TA  - J Acad Nutr Diet
JT  - Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics
JID - 101573920
RN  - 0 (Minerals)
RN  - 0 (Vitamins)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adolescent
MH  - Adult
MH  - Cross-Sectional Studies
MH  - Dietary Supplements/adverse effects/*statistics & numerical data
MH  - Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions/*epidemiology/etiology
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Male
MH  - Military Personnel/*statistics & numerical data
MH  - Minerals/adverse effects
MH  - Nutrition Surveys
MH  - Prevalence
MH  - United States/epidemiology
MH  - Vitamins/adverse effects
MH  - Young Adult
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Mineral
OT  - Prohormone
OT  - Sport bars/gels
OT  - Sport drinks
OT  - Vitamin
EDAT- 2016/04/17 06:00
MHDA- 2017/06/09 06:00
CRDT- 2016/04/17 06:00
PHST- 2015/10/11 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2016/02/12 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2016/04/17 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2016/04/17 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2017/06/09 06:00 [medline]
AID - S2212-2672(16)00199-4 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.jand.2016.02.015 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Acad Nutr Diet. 2016 Sep;116(9):1423-1442. doi: 10.1016/j.jand.2016.02.015. 
      Epub 2016 Apr 12.