PMID- 27110224
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20161017
LR  - 20220318
IS  - 1550-2783 (Electronic)
IS  - 1550-2783 (Linking)
VI  - 13
DP  - 2016
TI  - Carbohydrate mouth rinsing has no effect on power output during cycling in a 
      glycogen-reduced state.
PG  - 19
LID - 10.1186/s12970-016-0131-1 [doi]
LID - 19
AB  - BACKGROUND: The effect of mouth rinsing with a carbohydrate (CHO) solution on 
      exercise performance is inconclusive with no benefits observed in the fed state. 
      This study examined the effect of CHO mouth rinse or CHO ingestion on performance 
      in 9 moderately trained male cyclists. METHODS: Four trials were undertaken, 
      separated by 7 days, in a randomized, counterbalanced design. Each trial included 
      a 90-min glycogen-reducing exercise protocol, immediately followed by a low CHO 
      meal and subsequent overnight fast; the following morning a 1-h cycling time 
      trial was conducted. The trials included 15 % CHO mouth rinse (CHOR), 7.5 % CHO 
      ingestion (CHOI), placebo mouth rinse and placebo ingestion. Solutions were 
      provided after every 12.5 % of completed exercise: 1.5 mL . kg(-1) and 
      0.33 mL . kg(-1) body mass during ingestion and rinse trials, respectively. 
      During rinse trials participants swirled the solution for 8 s before 
      expectorating. Blood samples were taken at regular intervals before and during 
      exercise. RESULTS: Performance time was not different between trials (P = 0.21) 
      but the 4.5-5.2 % difference between CHOI and other trials showed moderate 
      practical significance (Cohen's d 0.57-0.65). Power output was higher in CHOI 
      relative to other trials (P < 0.01). There were no differences between CHOR and 
      placebo groups for any performance variables. Plasma glucose, insulin and lactate 
      concentrations were higher in CHOI relative to other groups (P < 0.05). 
      CONCLUSIONS: In a fasted and glycogen-reduced state ingestion of a CHO solution 
      during high-intensity exercise enhanced performance through stimulation of 
      insulin-mediated glucose uptake. The CHO mouth rinsing had neither ergogenic 
      effects nor changes in endocrine or metabolic responses relative to placebo.
FAU - Ali, Ajmol
AU  - Ali A
AD  - School of Sport and Exercise, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand.
FAU - Yoo, Michelle Ji Yeon
AU  - Yoo MJ
AD  - School of Applied Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New 
      Zealand.
FAU - Moss, Catherine
AU  - Moss C
AD  - School of Sport and Exercise, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand.
FAU - Breier, Bernhard H
AU  - Breier BH
AD  - School of Food and Nutrition, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Randomized Controlled Trial
DEP - 20160423
PL  - United States
TA  - J Int Soc Sports Nutr
JT  - Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition
JID - 101234168
RN  - 0 (Blood Glucose)
RN  - 0 (Dietary Carbohydrates)
RN  - 0 (Mouthwashes)
RN  - 0 (Performance-Enhancing Substances)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Athletic Performance/*physiology
MH  - *Bicycling/physiology
MH  - Blood Glucose
MH  - *Dietary Carbohydrates/metabolism
MH  - Eating
MH  - Energy Metabolism/*physiology
MH  - Exercise Test
MH  - Humans
MH  - Male
MH  - *Mouthwashes/metabolism
MH  - Performance-Enhancing Substances/*metabolism
MH  - Time Factors
MH  - Treatment Outcome
PMC - PMC4842283
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Ergogenic aid
OT  - Fluid ingestion
OT  - Mouthwash
OT  - Sports drink
OT  - Supplementation
OT  - Time trial
EDAT- 2016/04/26 06:00
MHDA- 2016/10/19 06:00
PMCR- 2016/04/23
CRDT- 2016/04/26 06:00
PHST- 2015/09/07 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2016/04/18 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2016/04/26 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2016/04/26 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2016/10/19 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2016/04/23 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 131 [pii]
AID - 10.1186/s12970-016-0131-1 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2016 Apr 23;13:19. doi: 10.1186/s12970-016-0131-1. 
      eCollection 2016.