PMID- 27127928
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20160902
LR  - 20201209
IS  - 1552-5783 (Electronic)
IS  - 0146-0404 (Linking)
VI  - 57
IP  - 4
DP  - 2016 Apr 1
TI  - Increased Levels of Dickkopf 3 in the Aqueous Humor of Patients With Diabetic 
      Macular Edema.
PG  - 2296-304
LID - 10.1167/iovs.15-18771 [doi]
AB  - PURPOSE: To investigate associations between diabetic macular edema (DME) and 
      levels of the Wnt modulator Dickkopf 3 (DKK-3) in the aqueous humor (AH) of 
      patients with DME and to analyze the clinical implications of this association. 
      METHODS: Forty-four eyes of 39 patients with DME and 27 eyes of 27 controls were 
      studied. Aqueous humor DKK-3 levels were measured by ELISA before the first 
      intravitreal injection of bevacizumab (IVB). Visual acuity assessments and 
      spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) were performed before and 3 
      months after the first IVB. DKK-3 expression in high glucose-treated human Muller 
      cells was examined by Western blot and immunofluorescence. Concentration of 
      secreted DKK-3 in conditioned medium from human Muller cell cultures were 
      analyzed by ELISA. RESULTS: ELISA showed increased DKK-3 levels in the eyes of 
      DME patients compared with control subjects (median 207.86 ng/mL, range, 
      66.75-499.64 vs. 94.94 ng/mL, 33.34-164.45 ng/mL; P < 0.001). Based on 
      multivariate analyses, elevated DKK-3 levels were associated with increased inner 
      nuclear layer (INL) volume on SD-OCT before IVB. Western blot and 
      immunofluorescence analyses showed higher DKK-3 expression in high 
      glucose-treated Muller cells than in control cells, with DKK-3 secretion also 
      being increased. CONCLUSIONS: DKK-3 expression was elevated in the AH of DME 
      patients and in high glucose-treated human Muller cells. The observation of 
      increased DKK-3 expression levels in the AH of DME patients with prominent edema 
      in the INL suggests that the area of INL thickening might correlate with the area 
      of reactive responses by Muller cells in these patients.
FAU - Ji, Bokjun
AU  - Ji B
FAU - Lim, Daehan
AU  - Lim D
FAU - Kim, Jean
AU  - Kim J
FAU - Kim, Hyung Chan
AU  - Kim HC
FAU - Chung, Hyewon
AU  - Chung H
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PL  - United States
TA  - Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci
JT  - Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
JID - 7703701
RN  - 0 (Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing)
RN  - 0 (Chemokines)
RN  - 0 (DKK3 protein, human)
RN  - 0 (Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing
MH  - Adult
MH  - Aged
MH  - Aqueous Humor/*chemistry
MH  - Blotting, Western
MH  - Case-Control Studies
MH  - Cells, Cultured
MH  - Chemokines
MH  - Diabetes Complications/*metabolism
MH  - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
MH  - Ependymoglial Cells/chemistry/metabolism
MH  - Female
MH  - Fluorescent Antibody Technique
MH  - Humans
MH  - Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/*analysis
MH  - Macular Edema/*etiology/metabolism
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Tomography, Optical Coherence
MH  - Visual Acuity
EDAT- 2016/04/30 06:00
MHDA- 2016/09/03 06:00
CRDT- 2016/04/30 06:00
PHST- 2016/04/30 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2016/04/30 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2016/09/03 06:00 [medline]
AID - 2520116 [pii]
AID - 10.1167/iovs.15-18771 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2016 Apr 1;57(4):2296-304. doi: 10.1167/iovs.15-18771.