PMID- 27128029
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20170412
LR  - 20220316
IS  - 1932-6203 (Electronic)
IS  - 1932-6203 (Linking)
VI  - 11
IP  - 4
DP  - 2016
TI  - Pre-Hypertension among Young Adults (20-30 Years) in Coastal Villages of Udupi 
      District in Southern India: An Alarming Scenario.
PG  - e0154538
LID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0154538 [doi]
LID - e0154538
AB  - INTRODUCTION: According to Joint National Committee-7 (JNC-7) guidelines, a 
      systolic blood pressure (SBP) of 120 to 139 mm Hg and/or diastolic blood pressure 
      (DBP) of 80 to 89 mm Hg is considered as pre-hypertension. Existing evidence 
      suggest that the cardiovascular morbidities are increasing among pre-hypertensive 
      individuals compared to normal. OBJECTIVE: To assess the magnitude and factors 
      associated with pre-hypertension among young adults (20-30 years) in coastal 
      villages of Udupi Taluk (an area of land with a city or town that serves as its 
      administrative centre and usually a number of villages), Udupi District, 
      Karnataka state, India. DESIGN: Community based cross sectional study. SETTING: 6 
      (out of total 14) coastal villages of Udupi Taluk, Karnataka state, India. 
      SAMPLE: 1,152 young adults (age group: 20-30 years) selected by stratified random 
      sampling in 6 coastal villages of Udupi Taluk, Karnataka state, India. METHOD: A 
      semi structured pre-tested questionnaire was used to elicit the details on 
      socio-demographic variables, dietary habits, tobacco use, alcohol consumption, 
      physical activity, family history of hypertension and stress levels. 
      Anthropometric measurements and blood pressure were recorded according to 
      standard protocols. Serum cholesterol was measured in a sub sample of the study 
      population. Multivariate logistic regression was applied to identify the 
      independent correlates of pre-hypertension among young adults (20-30 years). MAIN 
      OUTCOME MEASURES: Prevalence, Odds ratio (OR) and adjusted (adj) OR for 
      pre-hypertension among young adults (20-30 years). RESULTS: The prevalence of 
      pre-hypertension in the study population was 45.2% (95%CI: 42.4-48). Multivariate 
      logistic regression analysis revealed that age group of 25-30 years (adj OR: 
      4.25, 95% CI: 2.99-6.05), white collared (adj OR: 2.29, 95% CI: 1.08-4.85) and 
      skilled occupation (adj OR: 3.24, 95% CI: 1.64-6.42), students (adj OR: 2.46, 95% 
      CI: 1.22-4.95), using refined cooking oil (adj OR: 0.53, 95% CI: 0.29-0.95), 
      extra salt in meals (adj OR: 2.46, 95% CI: 1.52-3.99), salty food items (adj OR: 
      6.99, 95% CI: 3.63-13.48), pre-obese (adj OR: 1.66, 95% CI: 1.03-2.67) and obese 
      (adj OR: 9.16, 95% CI: 2.54, 36.4) were the significant correlates of 
      pre-hypertension. CONCLUSION: In the study population, prevalence of 
      pre-hypertension among young adults (20-30 years) was high (45.2%). Biological 
      (age 25-30 years, pre-obesity and obesity) and behavioral (sedentary occupation, 
      intake of extra salt in meals/salty food and not using refined cooking oil) 
      factors were associated with pre-hypertension. Study emphasizes the need of 
      community based screening of pre-hypertension under National Rural Health 
      Mission. It also provides apt information for the evidence based designing of 
      interventions for lifestyle modifications among high risk young adults in the 
      study area.
FAU - Kini, Sanjay
AU  - Kini S
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-3571-2337
AD  - Department of Community Medicine, K. S. Hegde Medical Academy (KSHEMA), NITTE 
      University, Deralakatte, Mangalore- 575 108, Karnataka, India.
FAU - Kamath, Veena G
AU  - Kamath VG
AD  - Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, 
      Manipal- 576102, Karnataka, India.
FAU - Kulkarni, Muralidhar M
AU  - Kulkarni MM
AD  - Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, 
      Manipal- 576102, Karnataka, India.
FAU - Kamath, Asha
AU  - Kamath A
AD  - Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, 
      Manipal- 576102, Karnataka, India.
FAU - Shivalli, Siddharudha
AU  - Shivalli S
AD  - Department of Community Medicine, Yenepoya Medical College, Yenepoya University, 
      Mangalore-575018, Karnataka, India.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20160429
PL  - United States
TA  - PLoS One
JT  - PloS one
JID - 101285081
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Cross-Sectional Studies
MH  - Feeding Behavior
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - India/epidemiology
MH  - Life Style
MH  - Logistic Models
MH  - Male
MH  - Obesity/complications
MH  - Occupations
MH  - Odds Ratio
MH  - Prehypertension/complications/*epidemiology
MH  - Prevalence
MH  - Risk Factors
MH  - Young Adult
PMC - PMC4851369
COIS- Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
EDAT- 2016/04/30 06:00
MHDA- 2017/04/13 06:00
PMCR- 2016/04/29
CRDT- 2016/04/30 06:00
PHST- 2016/02/03 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2016/04/14 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2016/04/30 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2016/04/30 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2017/04/13 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2016/04/29 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - PONE-D-16-04887 [pii]
AID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0154538 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - PLoS One. 2016 Apr 29;11(4):e0154538. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154538. 
      eCollection 2016.